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Fig. 20.1. Embryology of nephrons. Fig. 20.2. Vertebrate nephrons. Fig. 20.3. Comparative anatomy of nephrons and their blood supply. Fig. 20.4. Fig. 20.5. Evolution of kidneys and ducts. . Fig. 20.6. Stages in the development of an amniote kidney.
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Fig. 20.3. Comparative anatomy of nephrons and their blood supply.
Fig. 20.8. Cloacal regions.
Large renal corpuscle means more water in raw filtrate Thick intermediate segments mean many cilia to drive filtrate through tubule, which means less water will be reabsorbed One extreme: marine teleosts and mammals - concentrated urine Other extreme: freshwater teleosts and sharks - copius dilute urine Fig. 20.10. Nephron structure in representative craniates.
Red - water or ions into body Green - urine or ions out of body Fig. 20.11. Osmoregulation by “fishes.”