BGA Bronze C

1. BGA Bronze C Navigation Part 1 & 2 Portsmouth Naval GC T World November 2009

2. Charts to carry • It is a legal requirement to carry maps or charts suitable for the intended flight; usually interpreted to mean any flight more than five miles from base. • There are many maps and charts to choose from, but a motoring map certainly isn’t one of them, even though in some countries it may be a good deal more useful and accurate than the available aviation charts. • Maps are usually classified by scale and description ie., 1:500,000 (half million) Aeronautical, 1:250,000 (quarter million) Topographical, or 1:50,000 OS • (Ordnance Survey) being the most commonly used for flight under Visual Flight Rules (VFR)

3. UK MAPS • The UK is covered by three 1:500,000 maps, which overlap slightly and show all Controlled Airspace, Danger Areas, Restricted Areas, Prohibited Areas, MATZs, Airfields (used and disused), and many other features. • Purple Airspace are not shown, nor anything else of a temporary nature - you need to refer to the NOTAMs for this sort of detail. • Each 1:500,000 map has an extensive legend and narrative, which provides information about all the symbols and features displayed. • The 1:250,000 map has a less extensive legend and narrative, and the scale means that eight of them are needed to cover the UK. It is highly unlikely that you will ever need to purchase them all. • Limitation of 1:250,000 map is airspace above 3000 feet is not shown

4. CTR and CTA

5. CTR and CTA • CTR is control zone setup around airports to protect landing and take off’s • CTA is control area that exists in the vicinity of an airport. It has a specified lower level and a specified upper level. It usually is situated on top of a Control Zone provides protection to aircraft climbing out from the airport

6. Danger Areas

7. Danger Area - Legends

8. Danger Areas • The area is shown AMSL • A Danger Area is an area of airspace which has been notified as such within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may take place or exist at such times as may be notified. • Unauthorised entry into many Danger Areas is prohibited within the period of activity of the Danger Area by reason of Bylaws made under within UK AIP section ENR 5.1 and are highlighted with an asterisk on the UK CAA Aeronautical Charts. • A Danger Area Crossing Service (DACS) or a Danger Area Activity Information Service (DAAIS) is available for certain Danger Areas. • DACS and DAAIS availability is detailed within UK AIP section ENR 5.1 and on the legend to UK AIP chart ENR 6-5-1-1 (United Kingdom • Airspace Restrictions and Hazardous Areas). Details of DACS and DAAIS contact frequencies are also printed on UK CAA Aeronautical

9. Area D123/50.0 • ‡ EG D123 Imber • Up to - ALT 50000 • Activity: Pilotless Target Aircraft / Firing / Demolition Firing / Bombing /Parachute Dropping (Army Dept). • - SFC Hours: H24.

10. Prohibited Areas

11. Prohibitive Area • A Prohibited Area is an area of airspace of defined dimensions within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited • EG P106 Harwell • ALT 2500 Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the Helicopter landing area • A circle radius 2 nm centred on SFC helicopter landing area at Harwell,

12. Restricted Areas

13. Restricted Area • A Restricted Area is an area of airspace of defined dimensions within which the flight of aircraft is restricted in accordance with certain specified conditions. • EG R101 Aldermaston • ALT 2400 Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the Helicopter landing area • A circle radius 1.5 nm centred on SFC helicopter landing area at Aldermaston, with the permission of the person

14. Didcot Tower

15. L9 Airway – Class A

19. Maximum Elevation Figures

20. Maximum Elevation Legend

21. Isogonal lines • They are a line joining places of equal magnetic variation. • On a 1:500 000 scale aeronautical chart the magnetic variation is shown at 1 degree intervals.

23. Magnetic Variation Legend

29. Map Scale • 1:500 000 map scale a • 4” line will represent 50km • 8 statute miles or 7 nautical miles to the inch.

30. Reciprocal Heading • Easy rule to remember is • + 2 -2 • Outbound track is 220 • Return track is 040 • Outbound track is 345 • Return track is 165

31. Drift

32. Temporary Navigational Warnings • Hazards of a temporary nature will be notified, whenever time permits, by NOTAM as Temporary Navigation Warnings. • TNW’s these are issued TWICE weekly • They list important information about notified activities that may effect flight safety.

33. Lost • Find three significant features on the ground and look for them on the map to identify your exact position.

34. Track -v- Heading • Track is the route over the ground. • Heading is the way the glider points

35. Sun in relation to track

39. ATZ • (Aerodrome traffic Zone):  sfc-2000'agl with radius 2 or 2.5Nm Aircraft must not enter an ATZ without permission.

40. MATZ • Military ATZ): sfc-3000'agl with radius 5Nm on ARP.  One or more stubs extending to 10Nm, width 4Nm, and 1000'-3000'agl may be attached. A MATZ contains an ATZ which is active 24hrs.  Clearance is recommended but not mandatory before entering MATZ. (ATZ entry still requires clearance and will be active 24hrs)

42. Altimeter Settings ●The usual transition altitude is 3000' although in some areas, (eg London) it may be higher (6000'). ●Regional QNH may be used en-route.  Available from many ATC centres and from London Information in flight. ●Most light aircraft in the UK use QFE for landing and circuit (pattern) work.  With QFE set, the altimeter reads zero on the airfield.  Once leaving the circuit area it is normal ton set QNH (Altitude above MSL) or regional QNH.  Once in sight of the landing airfield, QFE may be set.  However pilots may use QNH for take off and landing if they so wish.

43. VMC Minima • LocationAirspace Class • Flight VisibilityDistance from CloudAT & ABOVE FL100B,D,E,F,G8km1500m Horizontally & 1000' verticallyBELOW FL100D,E,F,G5km1500m Horizontally & 1000' verticallyAT OR BELOW 3000’F,GAs above or:at speeds greater than 140kts5kmClear of cloud and in sight of the surfaceat speeds 140kts or less1500m*Clear of cloud and in sight of the surface

44. VMC Minima • Weather minima for VFR flight outside Controlled Airspace (Classes F and G Airspace) • (a) At and above FL 100 • 8km flight visibility • 1500 m horizontally from cloud • 1000ft vertically from cloud. • (b) Below FL 100 • 5 • 5km flight visibility • 1500 m horizontally from cloud • 1000ft vertically from cloud. • (c) At or below 3000ft • As in (b) above or: • for any aircraft: • 5 km flight visibility • Clear of cloud and with the surface in sight or • for an aircraft, other than a helicopter, operating at 140kt or less: • 1500 m flight visibility • Clear of cloud and with the surface in sight

45. Royal Flights • A Royal Flight over the United Kingdom is a flight of a civil or military aircraft carrying certain members of the Royal Family. Flights within • the United Kingdom by other reigning Sovereigns, Prime Ministers and Heads of State of Commonwealth and foreign countries may also be • afforded Royal Flight status. • It is given a temporary Purple Airway and published as a NOTAM

46. High Intensity Radio Transmission Areas (HIRTA) • HIRTA are areas of defined dimensions within which there is radio energy of an intensity that may cause interference or damage to • communications or navigation equipment and may be injurious to health. Pilots should be aware that these transmissions can give false • indications on navigation and systems monitoring equipment; GPS is particularly vulnerable. Details of the major sites are listed at UK AIP • section ENR 5.3 and are depicted on UK CAA Aeronautical Charts

47. Magnetic Variation • Magnetic variation is shown on 1:500000 chart. It is either East or West • Westerly variation is added to true to give magnetic and Easterly variation is subtracted to true to give magnetic • This is remembered as • WEST is Best and EAST is Least