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Solutions

Solutions. What is a Solution?. Homogeneous mixture of a solvent and a solute . Homogeneous Mixture : Same throughout Not filterable *No boundaries can be detected in a solution. Solvent vs. Solute. Solvent : Thing doing the dissolving Aqueous: solvent is water

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions

  2. What is a Solution? • Homogeneous mixture of a solvent and a solute. • Homogeneous Mixture: • Same throughout • Not filterable *No boundaries can be detected in a solution.

  3. Solvent vs. Solute Solvent: Thing doing the dissolving Aqueous: solvent is water NaCl(aq)  salt dissolved in water NaCl(l)  melted salt Solute: Thing getting dissolved

  4. Types of Solutions • Gas in liquid  carbonated water • Liquid in liquid  alcohol dissolved in water • Gas in gas  air • Gas in solid  air dissolved in ice

  5. “Like Dissolves Like” • Substances are likely to dissolve in other substances with similar chemical properties. • Polar dissolves polar • Nonpolar dissolves nonpolar • Oil will not dissolve in water because oil is nonpolar and water is polar. • A polar solvent will generally dissolve polar solutes and sometimes ionic solutes, and a nonpolar solvent will generally dissolve nonpolar solutes.

  6. Polar & NonpolarMolecules • Polar molecules and ions all dissolve together • “stick” to one another • Nonpolar molecules all dissolve together • But don’t “stick” together • Polar and nonpolar molecules do not dissolve together

  7. Polar vs. Nonpolar Nonpolar Symmetrical • CH4 • CF4 • CO2 • Br2 • Oil • Grease • Wax Polar Asymmetrical • H2O • HCl • NaCl • NH3 • CuSO4 • Sugar • Salt

  8. Miscible vs. Immiscible • Miscible completely soluble (they mix) • Immiscible  liquids form distinct layers (don’t mix) Water and Oil Video

  9. Dissolving Salt - Hydrolysis Forms Hydrated Ions • Dissolving Salt Animation

  10. Reference Table F CaNO3 BaSO4 NaCl CaCO3

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