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Bugs and Stuff!

Bugs and Stuff!. Presented by: Doug Heighton St. Lucie County Master Gardener. THE INSECTS. Fossil records indicate insects on land more than 300 million years ago - mid paleozoic. At least ½ of the animals currently occupying the earth are insects (approximately 1.5 million different

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Bugs and Stuff!

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  1. Bugs and Stuff! Presented by: Doug Heighton St. Lucie County Master Gardener

  2. THE INSECTS • Fossil records indicate insects on land more than 300 million years ago - mid paleozoic

  3. At least ½ of the animals currently occupying the earth are insects (approximately 1.5 million different species)

  4. Of all insect species in the world Less than 1% Considered to be pests Beneficial or not considered to be pests (> 99%)

  5. Relation of insects to humans: 1. Beneficial: (Pollination, Honey, Beeswax, silk [65-75 million pounds produced annually], shellac, dyes, break down raw materials, aerate soil, biocontrol of weeds and bad bugs, human food, medicine & surgery [cantharidin (Spanish fly-blister beetle), bee venom for arthritis, blow fly larvae (maggot therapy)], research animal 2. Aesthetic Value: jewelry, pets, nice to look at 3. Injurious: plants, stored foods, woods, fabrics, humans and animals

  6. The Insects 1. Three, usually distinct body regions (head, thorax, and abdomen) 2. One pair of segmented antennae 3. Usually have one pair of compound eyes 4. Three pair of segmented legs, one pair on each of the three thoracic segments 5. Usually with two pair of wings, some have only one pair (i.e., flies) or no wings at all.

  7. Metamorphosis. The process of change from egg to adult. Incomplete or gradual metamorphosis. The immatures, or “nymphs” look similar to the adults (grasshoppers, aphids, cockroaches).

  8. Complete metamorphosis. The immatures, or larvae look nothing like the adult. The larvae pass through a pupal stage to change into the adult form (wasps, beetles, moths, butterflies, flies).

  9. Types of Injury Insects Cause to Plants • 1. Stand Reducers (i.e. cutworms): produce an immediate loss • in plant biomass resulting in decreased photosynthesis. • Effects are governed by pest number, and timing of damage

  10. 2. Leaf-Mass Consumers (i.e. grasshoppers): Leaf consumption is generally thought to directly affect absolute photosynthesis of the canopy.

  11. 3. Assimilate Sappers (i.e. Aphids): Insects generally with piercing/sucking or rasping mouthparts. Tend to remove plant carbohydrates and nutrients after carbon is taken up but before it is converted to tissue.

  12. 4. Turgor Reducers (i.e. Citrus root weevil larvae): Are generally root and stem feeders that affect plants water and nutrient balance. Severe reductions in water uptake results in decreased turgor which decreases the expansion of new leaves, stems and fruit. In addition, photosynthesis can be decreased.

  13. 5. Fruit Feeders (i.e. Codling moth): feeding on fruits usually results in direct destruction of harvestable produce which affects quality, yield or both. Yield losses are not always proportional to the damage.

  14. 6. Architectural Modifiers (i.e. lodging, corn rootworm larvae): Results in morphological changes in plant architecture. Can result in reduction of physiological as well as harvestable yield. Also gall forming insects.

  15. Caterpillars • Bees and Wasps • Ants Stinging and Venomous Insects

  16. Io Moth Caterpillar Stinging spines UF - IFAS

  17. Saddleback Caterpillar Stinging spines UF - IFAS

  18. Even More Good Guys Good Stinkbug Ecoparasitism

  19. Honeybee

  20. Bumble Bee

  21. Mud Dauber

  22. Paper Wasp

  23. Red Imported Fire Ant Probably the most hated insect in the entire state.

  24. The Queen

  25. Phorid Fly Imported from Brazil Actual size compared to a penny

  26. Phorid Fly zeroing in on his prey

  27. Phorid Fly egg hatches and migrates to and feeds on ants head which leads to….

  28. The ants have developed a protective mechanism when the fly comes near – ant butts go up into the air Phorid Fly

  29. Velvet Ant

  30. Spiders Most are beneficial... a few are poisonous

  31. Southern Black Widow UF - IFAS

  32. Red Widow Spider UF - IFAS

  33. Brown Recluse Spider

  34. Brown Widow Spider UF - IFAS

  35. Helpful, Non-poisonous Spiders

  36. Lady Beetle and eggs The Good Guys Lady Beetle larvae

  37. Big-Eyed Bug

  38. Dragonfly

  39. Predatory Mite

  40. Assassin Bug

  41. UF/IFAS is continuously monitoring for new pests, insects and diseases. • Solutions;Polycom updates etc

  42. Integrated • Pest • Management • Purpose Identify and control pests in the landscape with the least impact on the environment • scouting • recognize pests / symptoms early • tools • treatment biological control chemical control cultural control physical control

  43. Thank You – Any Questions?http://stlucie.ifas.ufl.edu772-462-1660

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