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H igh Energy H igh Intensity H adron Beams

Network. coordinated by W. Scandale and F. Zimmermann. H igh Energy H igh Intensity H adron Beams. http://care-hhh.web.cern.ch/care-hhh/. CARE-HHH network.

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H igh Energy H igh Intensity H adron Beams

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  1. Network coordinated by W. Scandale and F. Zimmermann High EnergyHigh IntensityHadron Beams http://care-hhh.web.cern.ch/care-hhh/ HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  2. CARE-HHH network Coordinate and integrate the activities of the accelerator and particle physics communities in a worldwide context, towards achieving superior High-Energy High-Intensity Hadron Beam facilities for Europe • road map for the upgrade of the European accelerator infrastructure (LHC and GSI accelerator complex) • coordinate activities and foster future collaborations • dissemination and outreach WP1: Advancements in Accelerator Magnet Technologies (AMT) WP2: Novel Methods for Accelerator Beam Instrumentation (ABI) WP3: Accelerator Physics and synchrotron Design (APD) Participating institutes: CEA, CERN, CSIC-CIEMAT, CCLRC, DESY, GSI, INFN, PSI, TEU, WUT Associated institutes: CRPP, ENEA, TUBE, ESRF, UPSA, FZK, TEMF, US-LARP (BNL,FNAL,LBNL,SLAC), JINR, IHEP, KEK Additional collaborations: Texas A&M U., U. Geneva, U. Bologna HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  3. activities in 2007 • Events: • 5 HHH workshops & 2 workshops ready to go in November 07 • 2 HHH-US-LARP coordination meetings • 1 GSI-CERN CARE meeting • Dissemination and outreach: • 6 workshop proceedings completed • 1 invited and 1 contributed talk, and 9 papers presented at PAC07 • 7 presentations at LHC-detector upgrade workshops/symposia/meetings • 2 seminars at SLAC and LBNL, 3 CERN & INFN management meetings, 3 departmental/project seminars • 4 articles in CERN Bulletin & CERN Courier & 3 HHH notes • HHH web sites maintained & developed • Exchanges and education: • several Russian, 2 US, 1 EU accelerator physicist, 3 representatives of European industry supported for HHH workshops • 1 EU scientist supported for 2-week visit to CERN • 5 doctoral students & 3 EU summer students recruited for summer 2007 HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  4. workshops in 2007 • 4th CARE-HHH-ABI workshop on Simulation of BPM Front-End Electronics and Special Mechanical Designs,  Lüneburg, Germany, 30 November - 1 December 2006, Proceedings CARE-Conf-06-087-HHH • Joint CARE-HHH-APD, CARE-ELAN, and EUROTeV mini-workshop on E-Cloud Clearing (ECL2), CERN, Geneva, 1-2 March 2007, Proceedings CARE-Conf-06-007-HHH • CARE-HHH-APD mini-workshop on Crystal Channeling for Large Colliders: Machine and Physics Applications (CC-2007), CERN, 22-23 March 2007  • US-LARP CARE-HHH mini-workshop on beam-beam compensation,  SLAC, USA, 2-4 July 2007, http://www-conf.slac.stanford.edu/larp • CARE-HHH-APD Workshop on LHC Injectors Upgrade and LHC Beam Parameters Upgrade including Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium and CERN-GSI Meeting (BEAM'07), CERN, Geneva, 1-5 October, 2007 READY TO GO • CARE-HHH-APD Workshop on Interaction Regions for the LHC Upgrade, DAFNE and SuperB (IR'07), INFN Frascati, Italy, 7-9 November 2007 • CARE-HHH-AMT Workshop on Heat Generation & Transfer in Superconducting Magnets (THERMOMAG), Paris, France, 19-20 November, 2007 HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  5. major presentations INFN CSN1 Meeting, Frascati, 28 November 2006 - “H8-RD22 Experiment to test Crystal Collimation for the LHC” W. Scandale LHCb Upgrade Workshop, Edinburgh, 11 January, 2007 - “LHC Upgrade Plan and Ideas - Scenarios and Constraints from the Machine Side,” invited talk, F. Zimmermann Joint AB & LHC Project Seminar, CERN, 18 January 2007 - “Baseline Scenario for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade, summary of the CARE-HHH LHC-LUMI-06 workshop” W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann ATLAS & CMS Detector Electronics Upgrade Workshop, CERN, March 2007 • “Two Scenarios for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade” W. Scandale LHC Project Seminar, CERN, 15 March 2007 - “H8-RD22 Experiment to Test Crystal Collimation for the LHC” W. Scandale Beam-Beam Compensation Workshop, SLAC 2-4 July ‘07 • W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann, Head-On Compensation in LHC • F. Zimmermann, Beam-Beam Effects for LHC and LHC Upgrade Scenarios • F. Zimmermann, Open Issues from the SPS Long-Range Experiments • J.-P. Koutchouk, Beam-Beam Aspect of a Possible Early-Separation Scheme • U. Dorda, Technological Issues of Wire Compensators, and two other presentations HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  6. PAC07 presentations PAC07, Albuquerque, 25-29 June, ‘07 ORAL - F. Zimmermann, LHC Upgrade Scenarios • W. Scandale, Observation of Proton Reflection on Bent Silicon Crystals at the CERN SPS POSTERS - E. Todesco, R. W. Assmann, R. de Maria, J.-P. Koutchouk, E. Metral, G. Sterbini, F. Zimmermann, A Concept for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade Based on Strong Beta* Reduction Combined with a Minimized Geometrical Luminosity Loss Factor - E. Todesco, B. Bellesia, J.-P. Koutchouk, C. Santoni, Estimating Field Quality in Low-beta Superconducting Quadrupoles and its Impact on Beam Stability - M. Aiba, M. Chanel, U. Dorda, R. Garoby, J.-P. Koutchouk, M. Martini, E. Metral, Y. Papaphilippou, W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann, V. Shiltsev, G. Franchetti, Space-Charge Compensation Options for the LHC Injector Complex, - U. Dorda, F. Zimmermann, W. Fischer, V. Shiltsev, LHC Beam-Beam Compensation Using Wires and Electron Lenses - R. Calaga, U. Dorda, R. Tomas, F. Zimmermann, K. Akai, K. Ohmi, K. Oide, Small Angle Crab Compensation for LHC IR Upgrade - K. Ohmi, R. Calaga, W. Hofle, R. Tomas, F. Zimmermann, Beam-Beam Effect with an External Noise in LHC - E. Benedetto, G. Rumolo, D. Schulte, R. Tomas, F. Zimmermann, G. Franchetti, K. Ohmi, M. Pivi, T. Raubenheimer, W. Fischer, K. Sonnad, J.-L. Vay, Modeling Incoherent Electron Cloud Effects HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  7. other key presentations • HCP2007 Elba, 29 May 2007 W. Scandale and F. Zimmermann, Scenarios for sLHC and vLHC(slides), • ALICE Seminar, 30 April 2007 W. Scandale, H8-RD22 Experiment: Progress on Ion Beam Focusing with Bent Crystals, • IoP Half-Day Meeting on Super-LHC, Liverpool 27 June 2007 J.-P. Koutchouk, LHC Accelerator Upgrade, • Meeting on Machine-Experiment Interface Issues for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade, 24 July 2007 F. Zimmermann, W. Scandale, LHC Machine Upgrade Parameters, HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  8. deliverables & milestones • deliverables • 2004: HHH & HHH-APD web site => OK • 2005: creation of first web-based beam dynamics code repository => OK • http://oraweb.cern.ch:9000/pls/hhh/code_website.startup • 2007: web based database for s.c. cables and magnets => OK, http://sdb.web.cern.ch/sdb • milestones: • web reference for IR optics => OK • http://care-hhh.web.cern.ch/care-hhh/SuperLHC_IRoptics/IRoptics.html • booster synchrotron optics => delayed to 2008 • structured list of intensity limits => nearing completion • scaling laws for magnet and cryogenic cost => 2008 2 summer students + 1 doctoral student 1 summer student HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  9. recent publications J.-P. Koutchouk, L. Rossi, E. Todesco, A Solution for Phase-One Upgrade of the LHC Low-Beta Quadrupoles Based on Nb-Ti, April 2007, CARE-Note-2007-006-HHH W. Scandale et al, High-Efficiency Volume Reflection of an Ultrarelativistic Proton Beam with a Bent Silicon Crystal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 154801, CARE-pub-07-001 (2007) O. Brüning, R. De Maria, R. Ostojic, Low Gradient, Low Gradient, Large Aperture IR Upgrade Options for the LHC Compatible with Nb-Ti Magnet Technology, CARE-Note-2007-007-HHH R. Garoby, M. Benedikt, A. Fabich, F. Gerigk, Comparison of Options for the Injector of PS2, CERN-AB-2007-14, CARE-Note-2007-008-HHH G. Sterbini, D. Tommasini, J.-P. Koutchouk, Layout VERSION 1 for the Early Separation Scheme in ATLAS, AT-MCS Internal Note 2007-04 HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  10. WP1: Advancements in Accelerator Magnet Technologies (AMT) HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  11. Superconductors Database (SDB) http://sdb.web.cern.ch/sdb • database structure complete • web interfaces complete • since January’07 collaboration with FNAL and BNL on magnet & cable data sharing • automatic tools, which import data from existing databases, e.g., for LHC, Tevatron and RHIC, to SDB core => OK • existing data incorporated in the DB Courtesy E. Laface HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  12. SDB example Courtesy E. Laface HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  13. SDB example Courtesy E. Laface HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  14. AMT activity OSOM • design of 2 T pulsed superferric magnet, accordingly to indications of the CARE-HHH workshop ECOMAG 06 • cable and coil in the iron configured to minimize loss; • conceptual design that dissipates less than 10 W/m in the superconducting coil, with warm iron (i.e. negligible loss power); • two variants: wide iron and compact version with correction coil, both suitable for a PS upgrade. • summary report completed • comparison of s.c. and n.c. options for fast cycling “PS2” HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  15. AMT exchanges • F. Broggi (INFN-Milano) visited CERN for 4 weeks • Heat deposition in the low- region • energy deposition versus triplet length and IP distance. • precise FLUKA description of IR1 and IR5, including exact magnetic fields; • confirm the LUMI06 results with the latest IR FLUKA description; • explore other parts of the parameter space; • identify future activity (aperture, IR length, crossing angle) • E. Laface (CERN) visited FNAL & BNL for 1 week to coordinate work on s.c. database HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  16. planned AMT workshop • 19-20 November: CARE-HHH-AMT workshop onHeat Generation and Heat Transfer in Superconducting Magnets (THERMOMAG’07), Paris, 2 days • minimizing and evacuating heat in the next generation of superconducting magnets for high intensity particle accelerators, such as the IR magnet for the LHC luminosity upgrade and the fast cycling magnets for FAIR and for the LHC injector chain upgrade; • identify the state of the art on (1) cooling techniques (fluids and regimes), (2) heat transfer mechanisms, (3) modeling of heat transfer from coils to cooling system, (4) heat transfer experiments; identify a common set of thermal design criteria → CARE’07 HHH highlight talk by D. Tommasini http://care-hhh.web.cern.ch/CAREHHH/Workshops/ProgThermomag.htm HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  17. WP2: Novel Methods for Accelerator Beam Instrumentation (ABI) HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  18. 4th ABI workshop • 27 participants: 6 CERN, 7 DESY, 5 GSI, 1 CEA, 2 RAL, 2 Globes Electronics, 3 Kyocera, 1 FNAL • topics: BPM sensors, BPM electronics, cold BPMs • proceedings ready and published as CARE-Conf-06-087-HHH HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  19. planned ABI workshop • Dec. 2007: HHH-ABI annual workshop on Tools for Diagnostic Systems at High-Intensity (Pre-) Accelerators; Emittance Preservation and Measurements in the Accelerator Chain, Chamonix, France HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  20. WP3: Accelerator Physics and synchrotron Design (APD) HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  21. APD exchanges • R. De Maria (CERN grad student) visited FNAL for 1 month in February-March to work on heat deposition in low-b region for NbTi “low-gradient” IR optics solutions • W. Scandale (CERN) visited FNAL for 1 week in February to participate in Tevatron crystal experiment • Two CERN graduate students (U. Dorda, G. Sterbini) participated in RHIC beam-beam compensation experiments for two weeks in June, in the frame of HHH/US-LARP collaboration • collaborations with N. Mokhov (US-LARP), on heat deposition in low-b region for NbTi “low-gradient” IR optics solutions • W. Scandale (CERN) visited LBNL and FNAL for 1 week in July to discuss CARE-HHH and US-LARP issues, and future SPS+FNAL crystal experiments • G. Franchetti (GSI) visited CERN for joint e-cloud studies in September / October 2007; M. Pivi (SLAC) will visit CERN in January 2008 HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  22. 2007 crystal experiments • Seven weeks of CERN SPS runs; • goals: • test multi-strip crystals, • check the effect on ions; • verify their fragmentation and e.-m. dissociation inside the crystal; • test the effectiveness of crystal collimation • Participating in the preparation of a crystal collimation experiment at FNAL • Support: CARE-HHH , INTAS-CERN, INFN-NTA, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, CERN AB and AT Departments HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  23. CC-2007 CERN, 22-23 March 07 topics: • critical review of experimental results • crystal production technologies • application of bent crystals to LHC collimation system • assessment of new crystals through experiments at SPS and Tevatron • use of crystals for diffractive physics co-sponsored by INTAS 45 participants: INFN Genova, U. Ferrara, INFN Legnaro, PNPI Gatchina, IHEP Protvino, FNAL, JINR Dubna, INFN Frascati, INFN Roma, U. Manchester, U. Texas, HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  24. PRL article on 2006 SPS crystal experiments including CARE acknowledgement SPS crystal collimation test HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  25. HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  26. intensity limits in LHC and LHC injectors • various limitations explored by summer student Ibon Santiago Gonzalez (Guernica), 26 June – 15 September • information gathered from experts(G. Arduini, C. Carli, M. Chanel, A. Hofmann, E. Metral, F. Pedersen, E. Shaposhnikova, B. Zotter, collimation team,…) • information collected from literature(papers by E. Metral, F.J. Sacherer, K.Y. Ng,…) • theory of longitudinal Landau damping further developed to include arbitrary bunch profile & 2nd harmonic rf; applications to PSB, PS, SPS, LHC • mega-tables with machine parameters; extended web pages • HHH note in preparation HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  27. 2007 long-range beam-beam compensation experiments RHIC, MD in June 2007 - two wires used to model LHC LR effect in RHIC rings - strong effect of chromaticity on beam lifetime observed SPS, MDs in July and August 2007 - single wire used to model LHC LR effect in SPS - main observables: proton loss, beam lifetime - three beam energies 26, 37, 55 GeV explored to check scaling laws and extrapolation to LHC - lifetime vs wire current, beam-wire distance, chromaticity HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  28. ECL2 workshop • 35 participants: 16 CERN (4 AB/ABP, 1 AB/OP, 7 AB/RF, 2 AT-VAC, 2 TS), 3 German enamel industry (Eisenwerke Dueker, Wendel Email), 4 US (BNL, Cornell, LBNL & SLAC), 1 KEK, others from European institutes (Astec, LNF, DESY, ANKA, U. Rostock, CELLS, U. Sannio, ESRF) • topics: CERN NEG coating facility, motivation, technological solutions, simulations, beam measurements, impedance, - for PS2, SPS upgrade, LHC upgrade, CLIC & ILC HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  29. ECL2: solutions against electron cloud slotted vacuum chamber (W. Bruns)New! enamel electrodes (F. Caspers) New! electrete inserts (F. Caspers)New! NEG coating (P. Chiggiato) → CARE’07 HHH highlight talk by F. Zimmermann slotted chamber enamel-based electrode HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  30. LHC upgrade scenarios challenges injector upgrade large Piwinski angle (LPA) early separation (ES) Crossing with large Piwinski angle aggressive triplet compromises between # of pile up events and heat load HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  31. nominal 25 ns new alternative! ultimate & 25-ns upgrade 25 ns 50-ns upgrade, no collisions @S-LHCb! new baseline! 50 ns 50-ns upgrade with 25-ns collisions in LHCb 50 ns 25 ns upgrade bunch structures HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  32. IR upgrade optics compatible with 50-ns upgrade path “compact low-gradient” NbTi, b*=25 cm <75 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning) “modular low gradient” NbTi, b*=25 cm <90 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning) “low bmax low-gradient” NbTi, b*=25 cm <125 T/m (Riccardo De Maria, Oliver Bruning) standard Nb3Sn upgrade, b*=25 cm ~200 T/m,2 versions with different magnet parameters (Tanaji Sen et al, Emmanuel Laface, Walter Scandale) + crab-waist sextupole insertions? (LNF/FP7) early separation with b*=8 cm, Nb3Sn (Jean-Pierre Koutchouk et al) HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  33. average luminosity vs b* including crossing angle + hourglass, assuming optimum run time for 5 h turn-around HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  34. phased LHC upgrade • recent CERN management decision: early IR upgrade (“phase-1”): based on NbTi magnets, implemented ~2012 • “low-gradient” large-aperture NbTi optics solutions developed by HHH are three good candidates • IR optics selection by Lyn Evans in 2007; input from HHH studies • more ambitious Nb3Sn upgrade and higher luminosity planned in a 2nd phase HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  35. planned APD workshops • 7-9 November: CARE-HHH-APD workshop onLHC IR Upgrade (LUMI'07), INFN Frascati, Italy • new low-beta quadrupoles, • detector-integrated dipoles and quadrupoles, • crab cavities, • wire compensation, • experience with new DAFNE IR (crab waist IR) HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  36. Upgraded injector chain Present accelerators Future accelerators Linac4 Linac2 50 MeV • (LP)SPL is the baseline injector for PS2 • PS2 will use nc magnets • PS2 size is 15/77 of SPS 160 MeV (LP)SPL PSB 1.4 GeV 4 GeV PS 26 GeV PS2 50 GeV Output energy (LP)SPL: (Low Power)Superconducting Proton Linac (4-5 GeV) PS2: High Energy PS (~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz) SPS+: Superconducting SPS (50 to1000 GeV) SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC (up to 1035 cm-2s-1) DLHC: “Double energy” LHC (1 to ~14 TeV) SPS SPS+ 450 GeV 1 TeV LHC / SLHC DLHC 7 TeV ~ 14 TeV HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  37. Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium 3 October 2007 during HHH-APD BEAM’07 speakers: S. Berg, C. Biscari, O. Bruning, W. Chou, M. Furman, K. Hirata, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo, S. Petracca, Q Quin, W. Scandale, F. Zimmermann . HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  38. Gantt chart until end of 2008 AMT and ABI HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  39. Gantt chart until end of 2008 APD HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

  40. Conclusions • numerous high-impact workshops • focused activities in many frontier areas - crystal collimation, slim magnets, e-cloud suppression, low-angle crab cavities, beam-beam compensation, novel optics design schemes, fast cycling s.c. magnets, new beam diagnostics • results benefit global accelerator community - code repository, s.c. database, intensity limits • enhanced dissemination & training effort - mutual visits between partner labs, publications, seminars, web pages, many summer students and graduate students • HHH is “high-return investment for Europe” HHH, CARE’07, CERN, October 29-31, 2007

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