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Instrument Procedure Design & Operational Differences: TERPS vs. PANS-Ops

Explore the similarities and differences between TERPS and PANS-Ops in instrument procedures, covering departures, holdings, arrivals, maneuvering, and approaches. Learn about physics, aerodynamics, mathematics, and unit conversions, including considerations for flight technical errors and accuracy. Delve into the roles of procedure designers, ICAO guidelines, and the sources of data. Understand standard design criteria, operational procedures, and the management of aeronautical information publications.

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Instrument Procedure Design & Operational Differences: TERPS vs. PANS-Ops

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  1. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Presented By Mr. Guy Gribble General Manager, International Flight Resources, LLC Instrument Procedure Design and Operational Differences

  2. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops They Are The Same, Only Different Departures Holding Arrival Maneuvering Approaches Missed Approaches

  3. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops They Are The Same, Only Different Physics, Aerodynamics, Mathematics Units of Measure US Customary Units vs. Meters Conversions ? Rounding of Numbers Fix Tolerances and Accuracy Flight Technical Errors

  4. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Who is In Charge Here ? State (Country) Aeronautical Information Publication, AIP Flight Check, Maintain Publish, Revise Design Criteria Standard design development Role of the Procedure Designer Pilot operational procedures ICAO, International Civil Aviation Organization SARPS vs. Documents

  5. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Where Does This Data Come From ? State (Country) Commercial Provider WGS-84 Compliant ? Airport Country Somewhere ?

  6. Russia China India Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation.

  7. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops X X X X X X Standard Instrument Departure “Normal” Operations Maintain the Ground Track Maintain the Required Climb Gradient

  8. 5 M TERPS vs. Pans-Ops vs. FAR 25 Standard Instrument Departure • Vertically Speaking MSA MSA 1,500 Feet AFL 35 Ft ? 15? Departure End Of Runway DER

  9. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Standard Instrument Departure • If straight out will not work… Climb faster over obstacle Turn away from obstacle Keep in sight, “See and avoid” Climb in a safe sector away from obstacle Speed limiting Combinations of any of the above X X X X X X X X X X X X

  10. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Standard Instrument Departure • Climb Faster Over Obstacle MSA MSA 3.3% .8% MOC 152 Feet per NM OCS 48 Feet per NM ROC 200 FEET PER NM Requires 350'/NM Until Reaching MSA 2.5% OIS Maintain 4.3% Until Reaching 1700MSL 35 Ft ? 5 M DER

  11. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Standard Instrument Departure • Turn Away From Obstacle ≈ 2 NM ≈ 3.5 KM Initial Climb Area Area 1 15˚ Splay 500' 500'

  12. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Standard Instrument Departure • Turn Away From Obstacle ≈ 2 NM ≈ 3.5 KM Initial Climb Area Area 1 15˚ Splay 500' 500'

  13. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Standard Instrument Departure, TERPS • Keep in Sight and Tell Pilot to "See and Avoid" X Visual Climb Over Airport 15˚ MAX Take Off Minimums 800/2 Hazard Beacons on top of hill to the east clearly visible or Take Off Minimums 600/1

  14. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Standard Instrument Departure, TERPS • Climb in a Safe Sector X 25 or 46 NM Diverse Departure Evaluation 15˚ MAX No Departure Turns East

  15. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Standard Instrument Departure, PANS-Ops • Climb in a Safe Sector X

  16. No Turns Eastbound TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Standard Instrument Departure, PANS-Ops • Climb in a Safe Sector X

  17. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Standard Instrument Departure • “Minimum Safe Altitude”, MSA TERPS Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation.

  18. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Standard Instrument Departure • “Minimum Sector Altitude”, MSA PANS-Ops Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation.

  19. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Standard Instrument Departure • “Minimum SafeAltitude”, MSA PANS-Ops Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation.

  20. PANS-Ops TERPS TERPS vs. PANS-Ops TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Holding • Timing >14,000= 1.5 Minute ≤ 14,000 =1 Minute

  21. PANS-Ops TERPS TERPS vs. PANS-Ops TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Holding • Speeds >34,000 = IMN.83 >20,000 ≤ 34,000 = 265 KIAS >14,000 ≤ 20,000 = 240 KIAS ≤ 14,000 = 230 KIAS >14,000 = 240 >6,000≤ 14,000 = 220 KIAS ≤ 6,000 = 210 265 230/210KIAS 200 KIAS

  22. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Holding • Evaluated Airspace

  23. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Arrivals and Maneuvering Procedures X X X XX X X X X XX X Definitions and Use of Entry Procedures Evaluated Airspace Obstacle Clearance Speeds Selection of Turn

  24. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Arrivals and Maneuvering Procedures 45/180 45/180 80/260 80/260 Base Turn Turn point Entry Sector Teardrop 10 NM Limit Racetrack Holding In lieu of

  25. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Arrivals and Maneuvering Procedures, TERPS Entry Procedure

  26. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Arrivals and Maneuvering Procedures, PANS-Ops Entry Sector Defined

  27. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Arrivals and Maneuvering Procedures, PANS-Ops "Omni-Directional" Defined

  28. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Evaluated Airspace Intermediate Segment, TERPS

  29. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Evaluated Airspace Intermediate Segment, PANS-Ops 4.6 km (2.5 NM) 1 min./45-180 Procedure turn area Secondary area 4.6 km (2.5 NM)

  30. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Evaluated Airspace Final Segment, Non-Precision VOR = 7.8˚ SPLAY NDB = 10.3˚ SPLAY All = 14.29˚ SPLAY

  31. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Approach Procedures 350No Final Approach Fix 300 300Final Approach Fix250 200Precision Approach 200

  32. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Arrivals and Maneuvering Procedures Speeds

  33. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Arrivals and Maneuvering Procedures Speeds

  34. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Visual Approaches and Visual Maneuvering X X X XX X X X X XX X Definition of Use for Evaluated Airspace OCA/ROC Speeds Visual Aids and Cues

  35. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops "Visual" vs. Circle-to-Land X X X X X X X Definition of Use for Evaluated Airspace OCA/ROC Speeds Visual Aids and Cues MDA vs. Descent Point X X X X X X X

  36. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Circling Approaches and Maneuvering 300‘AFL “C”2.68 NM “D”3.49 NM 1.7 NM 2.3 NM 394‘AFL “C” 4.2 NM “D” 5.28 NM

  37. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Circling Approaches and Maneuvering Pans-Ops Acft Cat Min Vis MOC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB 2 x Radius + Straight C 2.0 NM 394/ 591 ft 180 KIAS/20º 3.70+.5 = 4.20 NM D 2.5 NM 394/ 689 ft 205 KIAS/20º 4.68+.6 = 5.28 NM TERPS OEA Radius + Acft Cat Min Vis ROC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB Straight=CAR* C 1 ½ SM 300/ 450 ft 145 KIAS/20º 2.18+.5 = 2.68 NM D 2.0 SM 300/ 550 ft 165 KIAS/20º 2.89+.6 = 3.49 NM With Change #21 and later, At 1000’MSL, ISA Standard and 25KTS of added wind. Visibility in Statue Miles OEA= Obstacle Evaluated Area, CAR= Circling Area Radius (1.3NM Minimum)

  38. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Circling Approaches and Maneuvering Pans-Ops Acft Cat Min Vis MOC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB 2 x Radius + Straight C 2.0 NM 394/ 591 ft 180 KIAS/20º 3.70+.5 = 4.20 NM D 2.5 NM 394/ 689 ft 205 KIAS/20º 4.68+.6 = 5.28 NM TERPS OEA Radius + Acft Cat Min Vis ROC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB Straight=CAR* C 1 ½ SM 300/ 450 ft 145 KIAS/20º 2.18+.5 = 2.68 NM D 2.0 SM 300/ 550 ft 165 KIAS/20º 2.89+.6 = 3.49 NM With Change #21 and later, At 1000’MSL, ISA Standard and 25KTS of added wind. Visibility in Statue Miles OEA= Obstacle Evaluated Area, CAR= Circling Area Radius (1.3NM Minimum)

  39. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Circling Approaches and Maneuvering Pans-Ops Acft Cat Min Vis MOC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB 2 x Radius + Straight C2.0 NM 394/ 591 ft 180 KIAS/20º 3.70+.5 = 4.20 NM D2.5 NM394/ 689 ft 205 KIAS/20º 4.68+.6 = 5.28 NM TERPS OEA Radius + Acft Cat Min Vis ROC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB Straight=CAR* C1 ½ SM 300/ 450 ft 145 KIAS/20º 2.18+.5 = 2.68 NM D 2.0 SM300/ 550 ft 165 KIAS/20º 2.89+.6 = 3.49 NM With Change #21 and later, At 1000’MSL, ISA Standard and 25KTS of added wind. Visibility in Statue Miles OEA= Obstacle Evaluated Area, CAR= Circling Area Radius (1.3NM Minimum)

  40. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Circling Approaches and Maneuvering Pans-Ops Acft Cat Min Vis MOC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB 2 x Radius + Straight C2.0 NM 394/ 591 ft 180 KIAS/20º 3.70+.5 = 4.20 NM D 2.5 NM394/ 689 ft 205 KIAS/20º 4.68+.6 = 5.28 NM TERPS OEA Radius + Acft Cat Min Vis ROC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB Straight=CAR* C 1 ½ SM300/ 450 ft 145 KIAS/20º 2.18+.5 = 2.68 NM D 2.0 SM300/ 550 ft 165 KIAS/20º 2.89+.6 = 3.49 NM With Change #21 and later, At 1000’MSL, ISA Standard and 25KTS of added wind. Visibility in Statue Miles OEA= Obstacle Evaluated Area, CAR= Circling Area Radius (1.3NM Minimum)

  41. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Circling Approaches and Maneuvering Pans-Ops Acft Cat Min Vis MOC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB 2 x Radius + Straight C2.0 NM 394/ 591 ft180 KIAS/20º 3.70+.5 = 4.20 NM D 2.5 NM394/ 689 ft205 KIAS/20º4.68+.6 = 5.28 NM TERPS OEA Radius + Acft Cat Min Vis ROC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB Straight=CAR* C 1 ½ SM300/ 450 ft145 KIAS/20º2.18+.5 = 2.68 NM D 2.0 SM300/ 550 ft165 KIAS/20º2.89+.6 = 3.49 NM With Change #21 and later, At 1000’MSL, ISA Standard and 25KTS of added wind. Visibility in Statue Miles OEA= Obstacle Evaluated Area, CAR= Circling Area Radius (1.3NM Minimum)

  42. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Circling Approaches and Maneuvering Pans-Ops Acft Cat Min Vis MOC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB 2 x Radius + Straight C2.0 NM 394/ 591 ft180 KIAS/20º3.70+.5 = 4.20 NM D 2.5 NM394/ 689 ft205 KIAS/20º 4.68+.6 = 5.28 NM TERPS OEA Radius + Acft Cat Min Vis ROC/HAA Max Speed/ºAOB Straight=CAR* C 1 ½ SM300/ 450 ft145 KIAS/20º 2.18+.5 = 2.68 NM D 2.0 SM300/ 550 ft165 KIAS/20º 2.89+.6 = 3.49 NM With Change #21 and later, At 1000’MSL, ISA Standard and 25KTS of added wind. Visibility in Statue Miles OEA= Obstacle Evaluated Area, CAR= Circling Area Radius (1.3NM Minimum)

  43. Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation.

  44. Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation.

  45. Greece South Korea Japan Canada Mexico Venezuela Reproduced with permission of Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. Not to be used for navigation. Azores Germany Saudi Arabia

  46. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Missed Approach Procedures Missed Approach Requires 3.7% Climb Intermediate Missed Approach

  47. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Missed Approach Procedures Intermediate Missed Approach

  48. TERPS vs. PANS-Ops Presented By Mr. Guy Gribble General Manager, International Flight Resources, LLC www.InternationalFlightResources.com Instrument Procedure Design and Operational Differences

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