Life Activities

1. Life Activities All living things are made of matter: Matter: • Def: Anything that takes up space and has mass • 2 Types of matter: • 1. Inorganic • 2. Organic Characteristics Common to all living organisms

2. Organic • Any matter that contains the element Carbon (exception – CO & CO2) • All living organisms are carbon based life forms • Matter that is living or was once part of a living organism is most likely organic • Ex. Wool, Honey, Cotton, Sugar, Wood

3. Inorganic • Any matter that does not have carbon (except – CO & CO2) • Examples • H2O – Water • NaCl – Salt • Sand, Gold, Iron, Lead

4. Mr. Stranger M – Metabolism R – Respiration S – Synthesis T – Transport R – Regulation A – Assimilation N – Nutrition G – Growth E – Excretion R - Reproduction

5. Metabolism • All the chemical reactions in your body • Example: Burning off energy • A higher metabolism burns off energy faster • A slower metabolism burns off energy slower (and if food consumed is not burned, it is stored for later)

6. Respiration • Release of chemical energy in the presence of food and oxygen • Occurs in each and every cell of your body O2 + C6H12O6 ATP + CO2 + H2O (energy) • Breathing brings in oxygen • Eating brings in sugar • Energy is released for the body to use • Carbon Dioxide and Water is released as waste.

7. Respiration • Aerobic Respiration: • Oxygen is used in this type of respiration • More efficient and more energy is released • Anaerobic Respiration: • Respiration without oxygen • Less efficient and less energy • Fermentation: • Yeast break down sugar in bread to release carbon dioxide • Lactic Acid Production: • Occurs in your muscles when they cannot get enough oxygen.

8. Synthesis • Combining simple substance to make complex substances • Example: Combine simple proteins to make muscle

9. Transport • The movement of substances within an organism • Unicellular: • Moving substances into and out of the cell using diffusion • Multicellular: • Same as unicellular, but also requires a circulatory system to bring substances to and away from each and every cell.

10. Regulation • The maintaining of Homeostasis: • A constant internal environment • Examples: • Warm blooded animals create their own heat to regulate their body temperature • Cold blooded change their behavior to bask in the sun to regulate their body temperature

11. Assimilation • The body uses nutrients in food (proteins, fats) to build/repair/power itself. • “You are what you eat”

12. Nutrition • Is the combination of: Ingestion Digestion Absorption Taking in food Breaking down food into simple substances Simple substances are absorbed by the cells

13. Nutrition • The different uses of food Food During Synthesis and Assimilation During Respiration Used for Energy Used for growth and repair

14. Growth • Increase in size/or maturing • Life Span – The maximum amount of Time an organism is expected to live

15. Excretion • The removal of waste from a cell Examples: • Breathing out CO2 • Sweat (perspiration) • Urination

16. Excretion Ingestion Digestion Absorbed Not Absorbed Used in Respiration Egestion (feces, poop) Waste of Respiration Excreted

17. Reproduction • 2 Types Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction • 2 Parents • Offspring are not identical to parents • 1 Parent • Offspring are identical to parent

18. Asexual Reproduction Budding Binary Fission • When an organism grows off the parent • Example: • Hydra • When one cell splits in half into 2 cells. • Example: • Bacteria

19. Asexual Reproduction Budding Binary Fission

21. Early Earth • Formation began approximately 4.6 billion years ago. • Composition of the early Earth’s atmosphere: • Water vapor • Carbon Monoxide • Hydrogen Sulfide • Methane • Hydrogen

22. Stanley Miller • First scientist to provide evidence for the possible creation of life. • Simulated the conditions of the early Earth, which created the building blocks of life!

24. 4 Organic Molecules • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Fats/Oils • Nucleic Acids Chemistry of Living Things

25. Carbohydrates • Main source of energy for living things • Made up of 3 elements: • Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen • 2 Main Categories • Simple Sugars: • Fruits and other processed sugar • Starches • Potatoes, Rice, Noodles, Bread • When broken down, starches will become simple sugars

26. Proteins • Made of Elements: • Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen • Amino Acids are the building blocks of a protein. • Sources: Beans, Poultry, Nuts, Eggs, Meats, Fish, etc.. • Used for growth, repair, hair, muscles, and energy

27. Enzymes • A special type of protein that regulates chemical activity. It is a catalyst, which speeds up or slows down a chemical reaction, but is not changed by the reaction.

28. Fats/Oils(also known as lipids) • Energy rich compounds • Made of the Elements: • Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen • Fats  Solid at Room Temp. • Oil  Liquid at Room Temp. • Provide Insulation From: • Heat • Cushioning vital organs from damage

29. Nucleic Acids • “blueprints of life” • Store the information needed to build proteins • Examples: • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

30. Energy is measured in Calories 4 4 9