Cloud Computing

1. Cloud Computing ECE7650

2. Cloud Computing Case Study • At one extreme, sharing basic IT infrastructure • E.g Amazon’s EC2: an EC2 instance appears physical HW, users can control nearly the entire sw stack, from the kernel upwards • At the other extreme, sharing application domain-specific platforms • E.g. Google AppEngine, a platform for building and hosting web applications on Google Web servers. Limited range of applications are supported, • In the middle, sharing programming environments • Microsoft’s Azure written using .NET libraries, and compiled to the Common Langurage Runtime (CLR). Cloud Computing

3. Amazon Web Services • AWS is a collection of remote computing services that together make up a cloud computing platform, offered over the Internet by Amazon.com. • List of AWS products • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) provides scalable virtual private servers using Xen. • Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) provides Web Service based storage. • Amazon SimpleDB allows developers to run queries on structured data. It provide "the core functionality of a database." • Amazon Elastic MapReduce allows developers to easily and cheaply process vast amounts of data. It uses a hosted Hadoop framework running on the web-scale infrastructure of EC2 and Amazon S3. • Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) creates a logically isolated set of Amazon EC2 instances which can be connected to an existing network using a VPN connection. • And More… Cloud Computing

4. Amazon’s EC2 • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) • Web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud • An EC2 instance appears physical HW, provides users complete control over nearly entire sw stack, from the kernel upwards • Load Variety of operating system • Install Custom applications • Manage network access permission • Run image using as many/few systems as you desire Cloud Computing

5. Amazon’s EC2 features • Elastic capacity • Elastic resource config/reconfig; Elastic num of instances • Completely Control • Root access/access to console output/data store/ reboot • Reliable • Multiple locations • Elastic IP addresses • Secure • Firewall config • Virtual Private Cloud • Performance • Auto Scaling • Auto local balancing Cloud Computing

6. Amazon’s EC2 Instances • On-Demand Instances • Pay for capacity without long-term commitment • Reserved Instances • Standard Instances • Micro Instances • High-Memory Instances • High-CPU Instances • High-I/O instance • High Storage Instances • Spot Instances • Bit on unused Amazon EC2 capacity, run those instances for as long as their bid exceeds the current Spot Prices Cloud Computing

7. Amazon’s EC2 Usages • Create an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) containing your applications, libraries, data and associated configuration settings. Or use pre-configured, templated images to get up and running immediately. • Choose the types of instances and OS, then start, terminate, and monitor as many instances of your AMI as needed, using the web service APIs or the variety of management tools provided. • Determine whether you want to run in multiple locations, utilize static IP endpoints, or attach persistent block storage to your instances. • Pay only for the resources that you actually consume, like instance-hours or data transfer. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPFoDnjR8e8 Cloud Computing

8. Amazon’s S3 • Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) • Storage for the Internet. • Features • Unlimited Storage • Highly scalable • in terms of storage, request rate and concurrent users • Reliable • Store redundant data in multiple facilities and on multiple devices • Secure • Flexibility to control who/how/when/where to access the data • Performance • Choose region to optimize for latency/minimize costs • Work with other AWS products • EC2/Elastic MR/Amazon Import/Export… Cloud Computing

9. Example : online photo processing service • Photo operation • red eye reduction/cropping/customization/re-coloring/teeth whitening, etc • Procedure • Web server receive request • Put request message in the queue • Pictures stored in S3 • Multiple EC2 instances run photo processing • Put back in the queue • Return Cloud Computing

10. Google’s AppEngine • A platform for building and hosting web applications on Google data servers. • support Python/Java • Upload and ready to run • No need to maintain your own servers, easy to scale as your traffic and storage grow • Kevin Gibbs, App Engine Tech Lead “AppEngine is a system that exposes various pieces of Google’s scalable infrastructure so that you can write server-side applications on top” Cloud Computing

11. AppEngine Does One Thing Well • AppEngine handles HTTP(S) requests, nothing else • Think RPC: request in, processing, response out • Dynamic web serving, with full support for common web technologies • App configuration is dead simple • No performance tuning needed • Everything is built to scale • “infinite” number of apps, requests/sec, storage capacity • Automatic scaling • Automatic management • Load balancing/monitoring/scaling • Local development Environment: simulation • Google AppEngine Software Development Kit Cloud Computing

12. AppEngine Service • URLFetch fetch web resources/services • Images • manipulate images: resize, rotate, flip, crop • Google Accounts • Allow users to sign in their product by using G account • Mail • Send message using Google infrastructure. • XMPP • send instant messages • Datastore • managing data objects • Memcache • Distributed in-memory data cache in front of constant storage Cloud Computing

13. App Enginer Sandbox • Appl run in a secure environment that provides limited access to the underlying OS. • Allow AppEngine to distribute web requests for the application across multiple servers; Start and stop servers to meet traffic demands • Isolates your appl in its own secure, reliable environment that is independent of the hw, OS, and physical location of the web server Cloud Computing

14. App Enginer Sandbox • Limited Access: • Appl can only access other computers on the Internet through provided URL fetch and email API • Cannot write to file system, can read file uploaded by the appl; The app must use the App Engine datastore for all data that persists between requests • Run in response to a web request, and must return response data within 30 seconds. A request handler cannot spawn a sub-process or execute code afte the response has been sent. Cloud Computing

15. App Engine Architecture (python) req/resp stateless APIs urlfech Python VM process stdlib mail app images datastore stateful APIs memcache Cloud Computing

16. App Engine Architecture Cloud Computing

17. Why Not LAMP? • Linux, Apache, MySQL/PostgreSQL, Python/Perl/PHP/Ruby • LAMP is the industry standard • But management is a hassle: • Configuration, tuning • Backup and recovery, disk space management • Hardware failures, system crashes • Software updates, security patches • Log rotation, cron jobs, and much more More Important… Cloud Computing

18. Automatic Scaling • Low-usage apps: many apps per physical host • High-usage apps: multiple physical hosts per app • Stateless APIs are trivial to replicate • Datastore built on top of Bigtable; designed to scale well • Abstraction on top of Bigtable Cloud Computing

19. Automatic Scaling • You don’t need to configure your resource needs • One CPU can handle many requests per second • Apps are hashed onto CPUs: • One process per app, many apps per CPU • Creating a new process is a matter of cloning a generic “model” process and then loading the application code (in fact the clones are pre-created and sit in a queue) • The process hangs around to handle more requests (reuse) • Eventually old processes are killed (recycle) • Busy apps (many QPS query per sec) get assigned to multiple CPUs • This automatically adapts to the need • as long as CPUs are available Cloud Computing

20. AppEngine’s Resource Limit Cloud Computing

21. AppEngine Development Demo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcbpTQXNwac Cloud Computing

22. Microsoft’s Azure • Cloud service platform hosted in MS data centers, including an OS, Windows Azure, and a set of developer services like .NET services, Live services, and SQL data services • Window Azure: serving as the development, service hosting, data storage and service management environment Cloud Computing

23. Components of Azure Compute，Storage ，Fabric Controller，Content Delivery Network (CDN)，Connect Cloud Computing

24. Compute Web role: web-based application Worker role: various windows-based code VM role: Windows Server image, customized software installations on OS will be kept. Cloud Computing

25. Compute • Submit an application with configuration of type and number of instances • Fabric controller creates VM and runs the code • Requests through HTTP/HTTPS/TCP are load balanced across all instances without affinity. • Exposed API that allows • automatically scale up and down. • application logging • Monitoring resource usage: CPU/storage Cloud Computing

26. Storage: Blob, Table and Queue • Blob • Simple unstructured hierarchy: each container holds one or more blobs, which is up to terabyte • Access from URI: http://<StorageAccount>.queue.core.windows.net/<QueueName> • Basic storage Cloud Computing

27. Storage: Blob, Table and Queue • Tables • Structured storage. • Stored in a group of entities that contain properties. • Entity with different num of properties in various types. • Not relational tables, support massively scalable applications. Cloud Computing

28. Storage: Blob, Table and Queue Three replications for all kinds • Queues • Provide a way for communication between instances Cloud Computing

29. Fabric Controller All Azure application and data reside in Microsoft data center All Azure components are managed by the fabric controller. Cloud Computing

30. Fabric Controller • Distributed application that’s replicated across machines. • It owns all of the resources: computer, switches, load balancers and is aware of each azure application • Autonomic management • Monitoring the system status • Optimizing hardware utilization • Create VMs and intelligent deployment • Update instances without shutdown • Managing the OS for Web and Work roles Cloud Computing

31. Content Delivery Network The CDN stores copies of a blob at sites closer to the clients that use it Servers store videos, Flash, HTML5… Cloud Computing

32. Connect Effectively connecting on-premises environments with Windows Azure Installing a Endpoint Agent on each on-premises machines and communication through IP-level connection Azure applications appears to be on the same IP network as the on-premises machines. Cloud Computing

33. Case Study 1 • Large scale web applications with occasional huge spikes and background processing. • Video sharing site • Deployment • A number of web instances based on demand • Table storage for information • Many works for processing • Blobs storage for large data set Cloud Computing

34. Case Study 2 • Parallel processing applications • Financial modeling at a bank • New drug testing simulations in a pharmaceutical company • Deployment • Web role for access interface • Many workers for processing • Large data set stored in blobs Cloud Computing

35. Case Study 3 • Using storage from an on-premises or hosted application • Archive old email • User log file • Deployment • Connect on-premises application with Azure Cloud Computing

36. Case Study More Ideas for Cloud App? Cloud Computing