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Fiber Amplifiers- Raman

Sérgio Stevan, Paulo André, António Teixeira, J. Prat, J. A. Lazaro, C. Bock, Jo ão Andrade. Fiber Amplifiers- Raman. Outline. Introduction Physical principle Propagation Power and Field Configurations and SETUPs Co, Counter and Bi - directional Distributed and lumped

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Fiber Amplifiers- Raman

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  1. Sérgio Stevan, Paulo André, António Teixeira, J. Prat, J. A. Lazaro, C. Bock, João Andrade Fiber Amplifiers- Raman

  2. Outline Introduction Physical principle Propagation • Power and Field Configurations and SETUPs Co, Counter and Bi - directional Distributed and lumped Noise and Multi Path Interference Raman fiber Lasers E1- 2b Optical technologies

  3. Introduction - History 1970 –Stimulated Raman emission in optical fibers was observed by Ippen, and by Stolen et al. in 1971 [3] 70 and 80 decades – Development of new types of fiber Middle 90 decade – 1991 (first commercial EDFA amplified link) = attentions shifted until 1997 (FBG and Development of suitable high power pumps) 1999 - The first Demonstration of Raman amplification. E1- 2b Optical technologies

  4. Raman Optical Amplifiers • Based on fiber Non-Linear effects (larger pump power required) http://www.research.att.com/viewProject.cfm?prjID=111 E1- 2b Optical technologies

  5. IntroductionRaman: Advantages and Disadvantages Occurs in all fiber transparency Maximum gain is shifted 13 THz from pump frequency Uses the same medium of the signal transmission Small Noise (compared with EDFA and SOA) Gain spectrum adjustable with multiple pumps (width and flatness) Gain is distributed along the fiber span Raman Gain occurs only at high pump powers Low efficiency in typical fibers E1- 2b Optical technologies

  6. Stokes and Anti-Stokes Effects E1- 2b Optical technologies

  7. Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) Islam M.N., "Raman Amplifiers for Telecommunication 1", 2004 (R.H. Stolen ,“Fundamentals of Raman Amplification in Fibers”) E1- 2b Optical technologies

  8. Normalized Raman Gain (SMF) Islam M.N., "RamanAmplifiers for Telecommunication 1", 2004 (R.H. Stolen ,“Fundamentals of Raman Amplification in Fibers”) E1- 2b Optical technologies

  9. Raman Gain X type of optic fiber Clifford Headley, Govind P. Agrawal, “Raman Amplification in fiber optical communication systems,” Elsevier academic press , 2005 E1- 2b Optical technologies

  10. Signal and Pump : Polarization M.N. Islam “Raman amplifiers for telecommunications” ,IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 8, 548-559 (2002) E1- 2b Optical technologies

  11. Lumped or Distributed Raman Amplifier Lumped: Distributed: E1- 2b Optical technologies

  12. Distributed Raman Amplifier (DRA) M.N. Islam “Raman amplifiers for telecommunications” , IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 8, 548-559 (2002). E1- 2b Optical technologies

  13. A Simple Raman Amplifier E1- 2b Optical technologies

  14. Equations – Raman Amplification - Simplified Differential Equations - Pump Propagation (undepleted approach) - Signal Propagation E1- 2b Optical technologies

  15. Power Signal x pump direction CO-PROPAGATING COUNTER-PROPAGATING F. Cisternino, B. Sordo, ''State of the art and prospects for Raman amplification in long distance optical transmissions'', Exp, Vol. 2 n. 1, pp. 18-25, March 2002. E1- 2b Optical technologies

  16. Co-, Counter- and Bi-pumping 100% = Signal and Pump CO-PROPAGATING 0 % = Signal and Pump COUNTER-PROPAGATING Intermediate values = Bidirectional pumps J. Bromage, P.J. Winzer, and R.-J. Essiambre, inRamanAmplifiers for Telecommunications, M.N. Islam, Ed., Springer, New York, 2003, Chap.15 E1- 2b Optical technologies

  17. Pumping Methods FORWARD BACKWARD BI DIRECTIONAL Clifford Headley, Govind P. Agrawal, “Raman Amplification in fiber optical communication systems,” Elsevier academic press , 2005 E1- 2b Optical technologies

  18. Power variation Equations E1- 2b Optical technologies

  19. Field Equation : Nonlinearities E1- 2b Optical technologies

  20. Nonlinearities Penalties E1- 2b Optical technologies

  21. Multi pump – gain Spectrum tayloring J.Bromage, J.Lightwave Technol.22,79 (2004) E1- 2b Optical technologies

  22. Multi pump - Flat gain S. Namiki and Y.Emori, IEEE J.Sel.Topics Quantum Electron,7,3 (2001) E1- 2b Optical technologies

  23. Gain (Flat) and Noise – 45km SMF (example) 1502nm 1416nm Used by permission from VPIphotonics, a division of VPIsystems E1- 2b Optical technologies

  24. Gain (Flat) and Noise figure – 45km SMF Bandwidth = 90nm Used by permission from VPIphotonics, a division of VPIsystems E1- 2b Optical technologies

  25. ASE and Noise Figure F. Cisternino, B. Sordo, ''State of the art and prospects for Raman amplification in long distance optical transmissions'', Exp, Vol. 2 n. 1, pp. 18-25, March 2002. E1- 2b Optical technologies

  26. Gain and Noise Figure for many pump powers Islam M.N., "RamanAmplifiers for Telecommunication 1", 2004 (C.R.S Fludger ,”Linear Noise Characteristics”) E1- 2b Optical technologies

  27. MPI – Multi Path Interference Clifford Headley, Govind P. Agrawal, Raman Amplification in fiber optical communication systems, Elsevier academic press , 2005 E1- 2b Optical technologies

  28. MPI – Multi Path Interference E1- 2b Optical technologies

  29. Raman Fiber Laser Resonant Cavity • FBG reflectors Multi-lasers • There is no coupler insertion loss • Setup simpler than traditional approach which consists of multiplexing laser diodes • Consequently: Smaller costs E1- 2b Optical technologies

  30. Spectral positions of pump, gratings and gain distribution S band C band L band E1- 2b Optical technologies

  31. Setup of comb Raman fiber lasers with two pumps Ppump1 = 1.5 W Ppump2 = 1.5 W 30km SMF E1- 2b Optical technologies

  32. Raman Gain composition E1- 2b Optical technologies Jan 2006

  33. Sixth-Order Cascaded Raman Amplification E1- 2b Optical technologies S.B. Papernyi and V.B. Ivanov Jan 2006

  34. Rayleigh Backscatering (Virtual mirror): Raman Fiber Laser E1- 2b Optical technologies Jan 2006

  35. Rayleigh Scattering and fiber lasing • a) Multiple chaotic oscillations • b) FBG inserted to Pump power = 0.8W • c) FBG inserted to Pump power = 1.2W Teixeira A., Stevan Jr., S. Silveira T.; Nogueira R.; Tosi Beleffi G. M., Forin D., Curti F., “Optical Gain Characteristics of Rayleigh Backscattered Lasing in Several Fibre Types”, NOC 2005-07-07 E1- 2b Optical technologies Jan 2006

  36. Hybrid Amplification with Raman EDFA: population inversion Raman: bandwidth control Islam M.N., Raman Amplifiers for Telecommunications 2:, Sub- Systems and Systems, Springer , 2004 (Cap.13 Hybrid EDFA/ Raman Amplifiers, Hiroji Masuda) E1- 2b Optical technologies Jan 2006

  37. Hybrid Amplification with Raman 22 dBm 11dBm 22 dBm Islam M.N., Raman Amplifiers for Telecommunications 2:, Sub- Systems and Systems, Springer , 2004 (Cap.13 Hybrid EDFA/ Raman Amplifiers, Hiroji Masuda) E1- 2b Optical technologies Jan 2006

  38. Hybrid Amplification with Raman • Hybrid EDFA/Raman • Bandwidth can be tailored ~80nm • Lower NF than EDFA separate Islam M.N., Raman Amplifiers for Telecommunications 2:, Sub- Systems and Systems, Springer , 2004 (Cap.13 Hybrid EDFA/ Raman Amplifiers, Hiroji Masuda) E1- 2b Optical technologies Jan 2006

  39. Tellurite-based Raman Amplifier Islam M.N., Raman Amplifiers for Telecommunications 2:, Sub- Systems and Systems, Springer , 2004 (Cap.13 Hybrid EDFA/ Raman Amplifiers, Hiroji Masuda) E1- 2b Optical technologies Jan 2006

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