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Amplifiers

Amplifiers. a powerful beast. amplification. amplification is the use of a small volatge/current to control a larger voltage/current. A change in the input is reflected a a proportional change in the output. the changing voltage/current is called the signal

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Amplifiers

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  1. Amplifiers • a powerful beast

  2. amplification • amplification is the use of a small volatge/current to control a larger voltage/current. A change in the input is reflected a a proportional change in the output. • the changing voltage/current is called the signal • the amount of increase in output signal over input signal is called gain

  3. line amplifiers • devices designed to increase signal voltage • most line amplifiers operate on standard signal level • line amps isolate inputs and outputs and restore gain after signal processing • amps that isolate sensitive portions are buffers and those that restore signal are boosters

  4. unity-gain amplifiers • purpose of the unity-gain amp is to relay signal without either increasing or decreasing its signal level • unity-gain amplifiers are used as buffers and as the basic signal handling element in automatic gain control devices

  5. preamplifiers • is used to raise an extremely low-power signal to line level • most transducers(phono pickups, microphones, tape heads) generate extremely low signal power • preamps for mics are usually in the mixing console • phono and tape require preamps located near the device

  6. preamplifiers • preamps are usually built into console, tape recorders, and other large pieces of audio equipment and rarely include any control • exception is the variable gain control microphone preamp in mixing consoles

  7. power amplifier • sole purpose is to boost a low-voltage input signal, line level(.75 -1.0 volt) to a high-voltage output signal( power level)capable of efficiently driving a loudspeaker • typically take a line level signal, power level of 3.3 milliwatts, and boost it to an output level of about 1 or 2 watts to as much as 100 to 200 watts

  8. power amplifier • the power amplifier is very nearly a pure current source highly susceptible to short circuits • most amps have automatic power protection circuitry(parallel connections in speakers lowers impedance) • damping factor to check ballistic nature of speakers, because the inertial movement of the cone acts a generator to produce counter emf in the circuit between the speaker and the amp

  9. power amplifier • damping factor, the higher the damping factor the more effective spurious signals are suppressed • clipping occurs when the amplifier cannot produce a voltage output greater than the power supply then the waveform is flattened at the top or bottom. Clipping is a form of distortion that is particularly obnoxious

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