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Macroevolution. Diversity through extrapolation of microevolutionary mechanisms. Groupings. Population Local group of orgs of one species. Groupings. Species Populations of organisms that may interbreed to produce fertile offspring. Geographic Isolation.
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Macroevolution Diversity through extrapolation of microevolutionary mechanisms
Groupings • Population • Local group of orgs of one species
Groupings • Species • Populations of organisms that may interbreed to produce fertile offspring
Geographic Isolation Populations are physically separated
Geographic Isolation • Natural selection, mutations, and gene flow occur in these new populations independently of each other
Reproductive Isolation J F M A M J J A S O N D • Pops overlap, but are unable interbreed successfully • Prezygotic • Temporal • Behavioral • Incompatibility Mating Season for Group A Mating Season for Group B
Reproductive Isolation • Postzygotic • Dysfunction • Sterility
Evidence of Evolution • Fossil Record • Extant species are not the only ones to have existed on earth. • Some fossils may represent missing links between orgs with distant relations
Rates of Change Gradualism Punctuated Equilibrium
Evidence of Evolution • Morphology • Homologous structures indicate common ancestry
Evidence of Evolution • Morphology • Analogous structures are likely coincidental
Evidence of Evolution • Morphology • Vestigial structures are remnants of ancestors that have no apparent use in a current organism.
Evidence of evolution • Biochemistry • Molecular comparisons indicate relations (closer match = closer relation) • DNA Hybridization • Protein Comparison (amino acid sequence) A+B A B A B C
Evidence of evolution • Embryology • Similarity in early development indicates common ancestry