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Inside the Earth

Inside the Earth. Evidence. Geologists can’t observe Earth’s interior directly. Must observe indirectly through seismic waves. Caused by earthquakes, seismic waves are vibrations of matter (kinetic energy) that travel through the various mediums of earth at different rates.

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Inside the Earth

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  1. Inside the Earth

  2. Evidence • Geologists can’t observe Earth’s interior directly. • Must observe indirectly through seismic waves. • Caused by earthquakes, seismic waves are vibrations of matter (kinetic energy) that travel through the various mediums of earth at different rates. • By measuring recording seismic waves at multiple locations on earth, scientist have been able to infer the density and composition of earth’s interior.

  3. Composition • Crust • Mantle • Liquid Outer Core • Solid Inner Core

  4. Outer layer 5-40 km thick It is thinnest beneath the ocean and is thickest below a mountain. 2 types of crust Oceanic (very dense, made of basalt) Continental (less dense, made of granite) The Crust

  5. Granite Basalt

  6. About 3,000 km thick Mantle is soft rock and flows freely like melted plastic. Temperature and Pressure increase with depth. Temperatures range from 870°C to 2,200°C Convection currents Convection video: http://education.sdsc.edu/optiputer/flash/convection.htm The Mantle

  7. Liquid Outer Core • Consists of liquid iron and Nickel. • Currents in the liquid spin to generate the earth’s magnetic field. • Can be as hot as 5,000°C

  8. Earth’s Magnetic Field

  9. Solid Inner Core • An extremely dense ball of solid metal. • The inner cores and out cores together are just slightly smaller than the Moon • So much pressure that the liquid iron and nickel can not spread out to form a liquid. Scientist think the spinning of the inner core is what causes the currents in the outer core, and thus, Earth’s magnetic field.

  10. How are the earth’s layers similar to an egg? Shell=crust Egg white=mantle Yolk=core Earth’s Layers

  11. Upper Layers of the Earth • Lithosphere- rigid outer layer - including the crust and uppermost mantle. • Asthenosphere– rock material that flows slowly (Ductile- like hot asphalt) - including the lower mantle

  12. Tectonic Plates • Earth’s crust is broken into about 19 pieces • These plates move on top of the asthenosphere

  13. Throw yo hands up for the layers of the Earth !!! Earth’s Layers Video

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