1 / 22

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt. The Nile River. MOST important physical feature Longest river in the world 4,160 miles Transportation South to North flow South blowing winds Expected flooding patterns Irrigation Enriched soil . The Nile River.

brosh
Download Presentation

Ancient Egypt

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ancient Egypt

  2. The Nile River • MOST important physical feature • Longest river in the world • 4,160 miles • Transportation • South to North flow • South blowing winds • Expected flooding patterns • Irrigation • Enriched soil

  3. The Nile River • Delta – a plain at the mouth of a river. Looks like a fan. • Silt – fine soil found on river bottoms. *Nutrient rich* • Hapi – the Egyptian god of the Nile River • “Hail to you, Oh Nile, who flows from the Earth and comes to keep Egypt alive!” – ancient Egyptian prayer

  4. The Nile River 1. Northern Flow 2. Green = Flooding 3. Winds south from Mediterranean

  5. The Nile River • Left deposits behind…. • Granite • Sandstone • Limestone • WHAT ARE THESE? • WHY DO THESE MATTER?

  6. The Nile River • Hunting and fishing communities as early as 6000 B.C. • Settled farming communities around 5000 B.C. • Trade with Africa to the South • Sail upriver. • Cataracts – rapids • Caravans

  7. First Peoples • 12,000 B.C.E. or earlier • Nomads • 6,000 – 5,000 B.C.E. • Fishing • Farming • Tools

  8. Over Centuries: Two Distinct Cultures Develop Upper Egypt in the South Lower Egypt in the North

  9. Videos

  10. 3200 BCE • King Menes • Unites Upper and Lower Egypt • Starts Dynasty • Dynasty= a series of rulers from the same family or ethnic group • Overtime • Trade Improves • Land gains • Wealthier • “The Old Kingdom”

  11. The Old Kingdom • 2680-2180 BCE • Rulers dubbed Pharaohs • Means: Great House • Absolute/Unlimited Power • Govt. Leaders, judges, high priests, and generals • Two Social Groups • Lower Class: Peasants, farmers. • Owed service to Pharaoh • Upper Class: Pharaoh, Royal family, priests, scribes, govt. officials

  12. The Old Kingdom • Memphis – First “capitol” city. Lower Egypt • Mastaba – First tombs/pyramids. Flat top • The Pyramids of Giza and the Great Sphinx built.

  13. First Intermediate Period • 2180-2050 BCE • Nobles gain strength • Weakened Pharaoh • Civil Wars between rivaling nobles • Severe Drought 2200-2150 • Regional Provinces actually did better without Pharaoh • No tribute to Pharaoh, in control of resources • Two powerhouses emerge • Lower Egypt- Herakleopolis • Upper Egypt- Thebes

  14. The Middle Kingdom • 2050-1650 BCE • New line of pharaohs regain power • Known as “Golden Age” • Stability and prosperity • Subtle change in social structure • Afterlife more inclusive • Canaanites from East move into the Delta region. Originally workers, seize control • 1780 BCE • Pharaoh is weakened again • Nobles and priests gain power again

  15. Second Intermediate Period • Hyksos (Canaanites) • Means “foreigners” • Technology • Chariots and compound bows • 1650-1570BCE: rule over much of Egypt • Ally with Nubians • Thebes left to stand alone

  16. The New Kingdom • 1570 – 1080 BCE • Upper Egypt forces Hyksos out • Pharaohs • Strengthen army: chariots and bows • Gain land • Eastern Mediterranean and Nubia in South • Diplomacy, first official peace treaty on record 1258 • Create an Empire • Individual rule over all • Colossal Building Projects

  17. Post Imperial Era • 1080-300s BCE • Few strong Pharaohs during New Kingdom • “Sea Peoples” attack • Weaken • Foreign empires • Assyrians, Nubians, and Persiansattack • By 300s, Egypt is ruled by foreigners

  18. Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Nubia The Nile River

  19. Cultural Achievements • 80 Pyramids still stand today • Paintings decorated Pyramids • Hieroglyphics- Writing • Calendar – 365 day cycle! • Herbal Medicines – treat illness and preserve bodies after death • Mathematics – based on 10 • Ship Building

  20. Education • Scribes • Elite • Learn to read and write • Work for government • Taught others

  21. Religion • Early Egypt had local gods • Often associated with an animal • Major gods • Amon: • Creator I • identified as the sun • Osiris: • Judged people after death

  22. Economy • Farming! • Wheat for food consumption • Flax: spun into Linen • Cotton for making cloth • Trade • Mediterranean • Red Sea

More Related