Ancient Egypt

1. Ancient Egypt Daniel Gima, Jon. Itokazu Period 4

2. Background Info.

3. Ancient Egypt is made up of the thin strip of land that sits alongside the Nile River in the desert of North Africa. • The Nile valley itself is ten miles wide and six hundred miles long. Egypt is split into two regions: The Valley/ Upper Egypt, and the Delta/ Lower Egypt. • The Valley is a long narrow sliver of land in to the south. • The Delta is a wide triangular piece of land where the Nile branches off into the Mediterranean Sea to the North.

4. The Nile spills over its banks from between June and October, this period is called inundation. • This is essential for farming because it restores moisture and nutrients to the soil. • In the summer the temperature often hits 100 degrees Fahrenheit, winter temperatures dip to 65 degrees Fahrenheit.

5. EQ Question • To what extent did the rule of King Ramses II, amplify Egyptian economic and military power?

6. Chronological Timeline of Ancient Egypt

7. Before 8000 B.C. - People settled the Nile River in North Africa • 4500 B.C. - Scattered Neolithic tribes began to farm, make tools and weapons, created artwork, built houses, and began to trade. These people became united in their efforts to control the dangerous Nile River. These settlements developed into Upper and Lower Egypt. • 3200 B.C.- Settlers on the Nile begin to use sailboats.

8. 3000 B.C. - Upper and Lower Egypt was unified under King Menes, who started a dynastic system of ruling families who made Egypt into a powerful state. Also Egyptian hieroglyphics are developed • 2900 B.C. – Egyptian government introduces a standard, official calendar. • 2650 B.C. King Djoser builds the first known pyramid. • 2625 B.C. to 2130 B.C. – The Old Kingdom, when the great pyramids where built.

9. 2625 B.C. to 2500 B.C. – Fourth Dynasty, the Pyramids of Giza are built • 2625 B.C. to 2130 B.C. – The Old Kingdom, when the great pyramids where built. • 2288 B.C. to 2194 B.C. – Pepi II reigns during the sixth dynasty at age six and rules for ninety four years. • 2129B.C. to 1980 B.C. – The First Intermediate Period, a time of Egyptian civil war.

10. 1980 B.C. to 1630 B.C. – The Middle Kingdom, period in which art, culture, and trade flourished. The military was also organized and new irrigation systems enabled thousands of acres of farmland to be used. There were 4 dynasties in the Middle Kingdom. • 1938 B.C. 1759 B.C. – Twelfth dynasty, the classical period of ancient Egypt • 1630 B.C. to 1539 B.C. – Second Intermediate Period. Asian immigrants known as Hyksos, settled in northern Egypt. These people gained political control over some Egyptian territories. Because of several weak Egyptian leaders, Egypt was not able to hold a central authority and the Hykso’s took over Egypt.

11. 1600 B.C. – Egyptian rulers at Thebes who had controlled a small piece of land built a powerful army and beat the Hyksos. • 1539 B.C. to 1075 B.C. New Kingdom, Egypt was a major economic and political influence in Africa and Asia • 1514 B.C. to 1493 B.C. – Reign of Amenhotep I • 1479 B.C. to 1458 – Hatshepsut takes the thrown as regent for Thutmose III • 1458 B.C. to 1425 B.C.- Thutmose III rules

12. 1353 B.C. to 1336 B.C. Amunhotep IV rules, he changes his name to Akehenaton, he rejects Egypts old religion in Amun in favor for Aten, the sun god of the city of Heliopolis, his religious monotheistic views were revolutionary. • 1292 B.C. to 1225 B.C – Rule of Ramses II

13. 1079 B.C. to 656 B.C. – The Third Intermediate Period, decline of ancient Egypt, brought on by the invasion and defeat of Egypt by the Cushite Dynasty. Internal problems, foreign rulers, and invasions eventually brought ancient Egypt’s demise. Egyptian culture was then influenced by Persian, Greek, and Roman cultures, which changed Egyptian civilization forever. • 664 B.C. to 332 B.C. – Late Period

14. Chronology of Ramses II’s Reign

15. June 1279 B.C. – Coronation • 1276 B.C. – First military campaign in Syria • 1275 B.C. – Second military campaign in Syria, battle of Kadesh • 1274 B.C. to 1269 B.C. – Three more military campaigns in Syria • 1262 B.C. – Possible exodus of Jews • 1260 B.C. – Ramses II crushes a revolt in Nubia • 1258 B.C. – Treaty formed with the kingdom of Hatti

16. 1255 B.C. – inauguration of the temples of Abu Simbel • 1254 B.C. – Nefertari dies • 1249 B.C. – first jubilee, sed feast- reaffirms Rameses II’s power • 1246 B.C. – second jubilee • 1245 B.C. – First Hittite marriage • 1243 B.C. – Third jubilee • 1241 B.C. – Hittite prince-heir visits Egypt

17. 1239 B.C. – Fourth jubilee • 1237 B.C. – Fifth jubilee • 1235 B.C. – second Hittite marriage • 1227 B.C. to 1221 B.C. – three more jubilees • 1220 B.C. – Merneptah named prince-heir • 1215 B.C. to 1206 B.C. – four more jubilees • 1214 B.C. – Ramses II dies

18. Bibliography • Tiano, Oliver. Ramses II and Egypt. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1996. • King Ramses II. Kingtutshop.com. 1 March 2006. http://www.kingtutshop.com/freeinfo/ramses.htm • Day, Nancy. Your Travel Guide to Ancient Egypt. Minneapolis: Runestone Press, 2001 • Johnson, Paul. The Civilization of Ancient Egypt. New York: Atheneum, 1978 • Egypt. Bigfoto.com. 2 March 2006. http://www.bigfoto.com/africa/egypt/egypt-pyramide-n3.jpg