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ANATOMY OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

ANATOMY OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. Mario Makarević 2nd year 2013/2014 Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat. Lymph. fluid similar to blood plasma no erythrocytes or platelets less proteins more leukocytes filters out of blood vessels lymph capillaries collect interstitial fluid. Composition.

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ANATOMY OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

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  1. ANATOMY OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Mario Makarević 2nd year 2013/2014 Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. Lymph • fluid similar to blood plasma • no erythrocytes or platelets • less proteins • more leukocytes • filters out of blood vessels • lymph capillaries collect interstitial fluid

  3. Composition • lymphatic vessels • lymphatic organs • lymphatic tissue

  4. Lymphatic vessels • lymph capillary • single layer of overlapping endothelial cells • blind end • absent from brain, spinal cord, splenic pulp, bone marrow • located next to blood capillaries in tissue spaces

  5. Lymphatic vessels • lymph vessels • afferent and efferent • three-layered wall thinner than vein • semilunar valves, contractile lymphangion

  6. Lymphatic vessels • lymph trunks • confluence of many efferent lymph vessels • jugular lymph trunks • subclavian lymph trunks • bronchomediastinal lymph trunks • lumbar lymph trunks • intestinal lymph trunk—unpaired

  7. Lymphatic vessels • lymph ducts • right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct • returnfluid to blood

  8. right lymphatic duct • about 1.5 cm in length • right venous angle • lymph from right half of head, neck, thorax and right upper limb

  9. thoracic duct • about 38-45 cm in length • > front of L1 as cisterna chyli – emulsified fats and free fatty acids absorbed by lacteals • > aortic hiatus of the diaphragm • > ascends along on the front of the vertebral column, between thoracic aorta and azygos vein • > left venous angle

  10. Lymph nodes • collections of stationary lymph tissue • from a few millimeters to about 1–2 cm long • fibrous capsule • afferent lymph vessels entering at the periphery, efferent lymph vesselsemerging at the hilum • cortex and medulla

  11. Cortex • outer region directly beneath capsule • densely packed lymphocytes (B-cells) arranged in follicles – germinal center when challenged with an antigen • deeper cortex – T-cells • subcapsular sinus drains into trabecular

  12. Medulla • inner region • strands called medullary cords – B-cells, macrophages and plasma cells • large blood vessels • medullary sinuses

  13. Major sites of lymph node concentration • cervical – head and neck • axillary – hand, arm and breast • mediastinal – abdominal cavity • inguinal – lower extremities and external genital organs

  14. Diffuse lymphatic tissue • not enclosed by a capsule • reticular connective tissue with lymphatic nodules • almost every organ, lamina propria of mucous membranes • tonsils, Peyer’s patches, appendix

  15. Lymph circulation • must be returned to blood stream to maintain blood volume and pressure • antibodies, lymphocytes, and monocytes • obstruction leads to edema

  16. Lymph circulation • no central pump • slow movement • lymph is kept moving by: • contraction of adjacent skeletal muscle and arterial pulsation • contraction of smooth muscles – peristalsis

  17. Metastasis • bacteria or body cells spread from one body part to another • breast cancer to axillary nodes • chemotherapy

  18. Sources • http://www.innerbody.com/image/lympov.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_system • https://www.boundless.com/physiology/the-lymphatic-system/ • http://www.cea1.com/anatomy-sistems/lymph-capillaries/

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