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Exploring the Anatomy of the Lymphatic System

Dive into the intricacies of the lymphatic system, from lymph composition to lymphatic vessels and nodes. Learn about lymph circulation, diffuse lymphatic tissue, and the role in maintaining blood volume and pressure. Understand metastasis and essential sources for further exploration.

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Exploring the Anatomy of the Lymphatic System

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  1. ANATOMY OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Mario Makarević 2nd year 2013/2014 Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. Lymph • fluid similar to blood plasma • no erythrocytes or platelets • less proteins • more leukocytes • filters out of blood vessels • lymph capillaries collect interstitial fluid

  3. Composition • lymphatic vessels • lymphatic organs • lymphatic tissue

  4. Lymphatic vessels • lymph capillary • single layer of overlapping endothelial cells • blind end • absent from brain, spinal cord, splenic pulp, bone marrow • located next to blood capillaries in tissue spaces

  5. Lymphatic vessels • lymph vessels • afferent and efferent • three-layered wall thinner than vein • semilunar valves, contractile lymphangion

  6. Lymphatic vessels • lymph trunks • confluence of many efferent lymph vessels • jugular lymph trunks • subclavian lymph trunks • bronchomediastinal lymph trunks • lumbar lymph trunks • intestinal lymph trunk—unpaired

  7. Lymphatic vessels • lymph ducts • right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct • returnfluid to blood

  8. right lymphatic duct • about 1.5 cm in length • right venous angle • lymph from right half of head, neck, thorax and right upper limb

  9. thoracic duct • about 38-45 cm in length • > front of L1 as cisterna chyli – emulsified fats and free fatty acids absorbed by lacteals • > aortic hiatus of the diaphragm • > ascends along on the front of the vertebral column, between thoracic aorta and azygos vein • > left venous angle

  10. Lymph nodes • collections of stationary lymph tissue • from a few millimeters to about 1–2 cm long • fibrous capsule • afferent lymph vessels entering at the periphery, efferent lymph vesselsemerging at the hilum • cortex and medulla

  11. Cortex • outer region directly beneath capsule • densely packed lymphocytes (B-cells) arranged in follicles – germinal center when challenged with an antigen • deeper cortex – T-cells • subcapsular sinus drains into trabecular

  12. Medulla • inner region • strands called medullary cords – B-cells, macrophages and plasma cells • large blood vessels • medullary sinuses

  13. Major sites of lymph node concentration • cervical – head and neck • axillary – hand, arm and breast • mediastinal – abdominal cavity • inguinal – lower extremities and external genital organs

  14. Diffuse lymphatic tissue • not enclosed by a capsule • reticular connective tissue with lymphatic nodules • almost every organ, lamina propria of mucous membranes • tonsils, Peyer’s patches, appendix

  15. Lymph circulation • must be returned to blood stream to maintain blood volume and pressure • antibodies, lymphocytes, and monocytes • obstruction leads to edema

  16. Lymph circulation • no central pump • slow movement • lymph is kept moving by: • contraction of adjacent skeletal muscle and arterial pulsation • contraction of smooth muscles – peristalsis

  17. Metastasis • bacteria or body cells spread from one body part to another • breast cancer to axillary nodes • chemotherapy

  18. Sources • http://www.innerbody.com/image/lympov.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_system • https://www.boundless.com/physiology/the-lymphatic-system/ • http://www.cea1.com/anatomy-sistems/lymph-capillaries/

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