TU-CHUNG LEAF MEAL REDUCED LIPID ACCUMULATION

1. TU-CHUNG LEAF MEAL REDUCED LIPID ACCUMULATION Key Words: Tu-chung Leaf Meal, Dietary Cholesterol, Lipid Accumulation, Chickens. Tu-chung Leaf Meal Supplementation Reduced an Increase in Lipid Accumulation of Chickens Stimulated by Dietary Cholesterol U. Santoso S. Ohtani and K. Tanaka Laboratorium of Animal Nutrition, Division of Bioresources and Bioproduction, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan Corresponding Author: Dr. Keiichi Tanaka Laboratorium of Animal Nutrition, Division of Bioresources and Bioproduction, Graduate School of Agriculture,Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan Phone : +81-11-706-2476 Fax : + 81-11-706-2476 E-mail : ketanaka@anim.agr.hokudai.ac.jp. ________________________________ * Reprint requests: Keiichi Tanaka, Laboratorium of Animal Nutrition, Division of Bioresources and Bioproduction, Graduate School of Agriculture,Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0809, Japan. Tel/Fax: +81-11-706-2476, E-mail: ketanaka@anim.agr.hokudai.ac.jp.

2. Move (tahap 1) Menciptakan ruang penelitian • Anda pada tahap ini menulis pentingnya topik dan posisi penelitian anda di antara penelitian lain yang sejenis. • Ada tiga langkah dalam move 1 ini, yaitu • Step pertama, menyatakan pentingnya penelitian/kajian yang anda bahas. • Contoh: • Rencently, traditional drugs have been investigated by many investigators to improve body weight gain of broiler chickens. • In recent years, applied researchers have become increasing interested in……. • Recently, there has been wide interest in…… • Step kedua, menunjukkan celah atau kekurangan dari penelitian-penelitian terdahulu. Pernyataan tentang hal ini dimulai dengan kata-kata seperti but, unfortunately, however dll. • Contoh: • 1.However, the increation of body weight gain was accompanied by higher body fat deposition. • 2. However, the previously mentioned methods suffer from limitation mainly concerning the treatment of the vortex wake formation and its interaction with the body. • Step ketiga, menyatakan tujuan penelitian yang anda hasilkan. • Contoh: • The effect of an early skip-a-day feeding program on peformance and body composition of broiler chicks fed high-protein realimentation diets was studied. • `The present study was conducted to evaluate …..

3. Move (tahap) 2: menguraikan materi dan metode penelitian Contoh: One-day-old female broiler chicks were withheld from feed for 2 days (0 to 2 day of age), and at 7 day of age, three pens of 15 chicks each were randomly assigned to one of five treatment. One treatment (sa the control) involved ad libitum accress to feed, and other four treatments were subjected to a skip-a-day regimen from 7 to 13 day of age……..dst. Move (tahap) 3: menguraikan secara ringkas pokok-pokok hasil penelitian Contoh: Restricted chicks exhibited compensatory growth during the refeeding period, but the 35% CP realimentation diet impaired this phenomenon as indicated by lower recovery index….. dst. It was shown that SAE inclusion significantly increased egg production (p<0.05)…. dst. Move (tahap) 4: Membahas hasil penelitian → membandingkan dan menarik simpulan.

4. Effect of Sauropus androgynus (Katuk) Extract on Egg Production and Lipid Metabolism in Layers U. Santoso　J. Setianto and T. Suteky Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University Jl. Raya Kandang Limun, Bengkulu, Indonesia ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to evaluate effect of Sauropus androgynus extract (SAE) on egg production and lipid metabolism in layer chickens. Forty-eight layers aged 42 weeks (strain RIR) were distributed to 6 treatment groups as follows. One group was fed diet without SAE as the control (P0), and other five groups were fed diet plus hot water-extracted SAE at level of 9 g/kg diet (W9), diet plus ethanol extracted SAE at level of 0.9 g/kg diet (E0.9), diet plus ethanol extracted SAE at level of 1.8 g/kg (E1.8), diet plus methanol extracted SAE at level of 0.9 g/kg (M0.9), and diet plus methanol extracted SAE at level of 1.8 g/kg (M1.8). It was shown that SAE inclusion significantly increased egg production (p<0.05). Methanol-extracted SAE groups had lower egg production than ethanol-extracted SAE group (p<0.05). SAE supplemented groups had better feed conversion efficiency than the unsupplemented group (p<0.05). It was shown that ethanol extracted SAE resulted in the lowest feed conversion efficiency among the SAE supplemented groups (p<0.05). SAE supplementation significantly reduced abdominal fat, gizzard surrounded fat, liver fat (p<0.05), serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, VLDL+LDL-c (p<0.01), atherogenic index (p<0.05), egg cholesterol and triglyceride (p<0.05), but it had no effect on mesenteric fat, sartorial fat and fatty liver　score. In conclusion, SAE supplementation could increase egg production but reduced egg cholesterol. Key Words: Egg Production, Sauropus androgynus, Cholesterol, Atherogenic Index

5. The Effects of Tomato Powder Supplementation on Performance and Lipid Peroxidation in Quail N. Sahin*,1, C. Orhan*, M. Tuzcu , K. Sahin* and O. Kucuk * Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey; and Barbara AnnKarmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 1 Corresponding author: nsahinkm@yahoo.com Recent studies have suggested a protective role for lycopene, an antioxidant carotenoid, in the prevention of stress including environmental stress. Tomatoes and tomato products are the major dietary source of lycopene. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary tomato powder supplementation on the performance and lipid peroxidation of meat in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to a high ambient temperature of 34°C. A total of 180 ten-day-old male quails were randomly allocated into 6 groups consisting of 10 replicates of 3 birds. Birds were kept in wire cages in a temperature-controlled room at either 22°C (thermoneutral) or 34°C (heat stress) for 8 h/ d (0900 to 1700 h during the study). Birds were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 2.5 or 5.0% of tomato powder. Tomato powder supplementation linearly increased feed intake, live weight gain, and feed conversion (P = 0.01) under heat stress conditions but did not show the same effect at thermoneutral conditions (P > 0.05). Heat stress significantly increased malondialdehyde concentration and decreased vitamin concentrations in the serum, liver, and muscles of quail. Serum lycopene and vitamin C, E, and A (P = 0.01) concentrations increased linearly in birds at all groups. Malondialdehyde levels in serum, liver (P = 0.001), and muscles linearly decreased in all birds of both thermoneutral and heat stress groups as dietary tomato powder supplementation increased. The results of the study indicate that tomato powder modulates the oxidation-antioxidation system of the muscles in Japanese quail exposed to high ambient temperature. Key Words: tomato powder • lipid peroxidation • malondialdehyde • stress • quail

6. Move 1 Establishing a territory • Ada tiga langkah untuk membuat agar pernyataan tentang pentingnya karya ilmiah anda dapat diterima oleh pembaca. • Step 1 claiming centrality • Bagian ini menyatakan bahwa penelitian yang telah anda lakukan merupakan kajian yang hangat dibicarakan ilmuwan sebidang dan oleh sebab itu sangat penting diketahui oleh pembaca. • Beberapa ciri pada step 1 ini sebagai berikut. • Recently, there has been a spate of interest in how to ….. • In recent years, applied researchers have become increasingly interested in… • The possibility ….. has generated interest …… • Recently, there has been wide interest in …… • The time development ….. is classic problem in fluid mechanics. • The explication of the relationship between…. Is classic problem of …… • The well-known … phenomena … have been favorite topics for analysis both in….. • Knowledge of …. Has a great importance for….. • The study of … has become an important aspect of ….. • The theory that …. Has led to the hope that …… • The effect of ….. has been studied extensively in recent years. • Many investigators have recently turned to ……. • The relationship between ….. has been studied by many authors. • A central issue in ….. is the validity of ……

7. Step 2 Making topic generalization (s) • Langkah ini merupakan pembuatan sebuah topic secara umum yang terdiri dari lebih banyak gagasan umum dari pada step 1 (Safnil, 2004). Gagasan umum secara umum dibedakan menjadi dua kategori, yaitu gagasan tentang pengetahuan atau gagasan mengenai sebuah fenomena. • Beberapa contoh kalimat: • Many people believe that there have been .... • This view has received a considerable support recently. For example…. • There have been many critiques towards that view that….. • These are now much evidence to support the hypothesis that…. • The properties of …. are still not completely understood…..

8. Step 3 Review items of previous research • Merujuk karya ilmiah atau hasil penelitian ilmuwan lain merupakan hal yang penting. Tanpa hal ini maka pernyataan anda sebelumnya tidak dapat diterima oleh pembaca. • Ketika anda mensitasi karya ilmiah ilmuwan lain, ada beberapa hal yang harus anda sebutkan yaitu nama peneliti, hasil penelitian/temuan, tahun, dan komentar anda. • Berikut contoh-contoh sitasi. • High dieatry protein is known to reduce body fat in broiler chciks (Fisher, 1984) and lipogenesis (Tanaka et al., 1983). • Rosebrough et al. (1986) found that the activities of the lipogenic enzymes were depressed during periods of feed restriction, …. • Previous research has shown that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988). • Yang perlu ditekankan disini adalah bahwa referensi yang kita rujuk adalah referensi yang mendukung ide atau gagasan utama. Kita harus mampu menulis kembali intisari temuan peneliti lain, kemudian kita kemukakan kekurangan, kelemahan atau kesalahan yang ada dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Setelah itu, kita ajukan alternatif pemecahan untuk mengatasi kekurangan tersebut.

9. Move 2 Establishing a niche • Pada tahap ini, penulis harus mampu menunjukkan gap yang terdapat dalam karya-karya sebelumnya. • Pada tahap ini anda dapat memilih salah satu dari empat langkah, yaitu: • a). counter claiming (membuat sanggahan terhadap klaim peneliti lain), atau • b). indicating a gap (menunjukkan kelemahan/kekurangan dalam literatur), atau • c). question-raising (mengajukan pertanyaan), atau • d). continuing a tradition (meneruskan tradisi). • Beberapa kata yang menandai tahap ini antara lain however, nevertheless, yet, unformunately, little research, no research, rare studies, research in…. still in its infancy, not many studies, few studies dll. • Contoh kalimat: • However, the preciosly mentioned methods suffer from some limitations... • The first group …. Cannot treat…. And is limited to …. • However, this approach suffers from a number of weakness. • This study is quite informative, but there are still questions to be answered. • Both ….. suffer from the dependency on…..

10. Move 3 Occupying the niche Pada tahap ini anda mengemukakan tujuan penelitian atau menyatakan penelitian yang dilakukan sekarang, menyebutkan temuan-temuan utama dan menjelaskan struktur karya ilmiah anda. Tidak semua karya ilmiah di jurnal internasional mengikuti semua langkah-langkah yang terdapat dalam move 3 ini. Pada umumnya, para penulis hanya menyebutkan tujuan dan mungkin juga hipotesis. Hanya sebagian kecil saja yang juga menuliskan tentang temuan-temuan utama mereka dalam pendahuluan.