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Unit 1: Atomic Structure Honors Physical Science

Explore the journey of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers to modern scientists like Chadwick, with key discoveries and theories. Learn about atoms, elements, compounds, and subatomic particles that shape our understanding of the atomic world.

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Unit 1: Atomic Structure Honors Physical Science

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  1. Unit 1: Atomic StructureHonors Physical Science Evolution of Atomic Theory

  2. Democritus – 400 B.C. • Greek Philosopher • Imagined particles that were indivisible • Constituents of matter • Atom comes from “atomos” • Opposed Aristotle

  3. Aristotle – 350 B.C. • Widely accepted theory that all matter can be continually divided. • Set science back for thousands of years.

  4. Alchemy • A pseudoscience that superceded scientific discoveries. • Alchemists attempted to turn metals into gold and developing the “elixir” of life (able to cause immortality and create life).

  5. Pierre Gassendi - 1650 • Reintroduced Particulate theory • No experimental evidence • Supported by Sir Isaac Newton

  6. Antoine Lavoisier - 1778 • Developed Law of Conservation of Mass • Explained combustion

  7. Joseph Proust - 1799 • Developed “Proust’s Law” using copper oxide • Later renamed, the Law of Definite Proportions • Nearly discovered the Law of multiple proportions, but his data used percentages instead of weights.

  8. John Dalton - 1802 • First to develop an atomic theory. It has 4 postulates. • Each element is made up of atoms • Atoms of the same element are identical in mass and properties. Atoms of different elements differ in some way.

  9. John Dalton - 1802 • Compounds are made when atoms combine. If elements combine in more than one whole number ratio, the resulting compound has different properties • Chemical reactions involve the reorganization of atoms.

  10. Eugene Goldstein - 1886 • Discovered the proton using a cathode ray tube.

  11. J.J. Thomson - 1897 • Determined the mass/charge ratio of the electron. • 5.69 x 10-9 • Used the cathode ray tube • Proposed a model of the atom that was mockingly called the “plum pudding” model

  12. Robert Millikan - 1909 • Determined the charge of the electron using the famous oil-drop experiment • 1.60 x 10-19 • From this and Thomson’s value, the mass was calculated to be 9.11 x 10-28g

  13. Ernest Rutherford - 1911 • Performed the famous gold foil experiment • Determined 3 things • The atom is mostly empty space • The nucleus is positively charged • The nucleus is a small dense part of the atom

  14. Gold Foil Experiment

  15. Gold Foil Experiment

  16. Niels Bohr - 1913 • Observed spectral lines for hydrogen • Proposed an orbit theory of the electron around the atom.

  17. Bohr Model

  18. Hydrogen Spectrum

  19. Louis De broglie - 1924 • Suggested that matter could exhibit wave properties • Observed diffraction patterns in electrons

  20. Erwin Schrödinger - 1926 • Developed a wave equation. • Mathematical function that described the nature of the electron

  21. James Chadwick - 1932 • Discovered the neutron

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