SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIETY

1. SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIETY Chapter 5

2. Objective: explain what sociologists mean by social structure. • Preview: The underlying pattern of social relationships in a group is called social structure. Status is one very important element of social structure. Ascribed statuses are assigned at birth; achieved statuses are earned or chosen. Objectives for Section 1 & Section Preview SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND STATUS

4. ON YOUR OWN, DEFINE THE FOLLOWING VOCABULARY WORDS: • Social Structure • Status • Ascribed Status • Achieved Status • Status Set • Master Status

5. LIST EXAMPLES FOR THE FOLLOWING: Ascribed Status Achieved Status • Male/Female (Sex) • Age • Lower/Middle/Upper Class (@ Birth) • Religion (Birth/Culture) • Husband/Wife (Marital Status) • Father/Mother (Parents) • Teacher/Doctor (Employment)

6. GIVE YOUR OWN STATUS SET Ascribed Achieved

7. HOW DOES MASTER STATUS INFLUENCE YOUR LIFE? • Where we live • How we live • How long we live • How far we can go in our career • ? • ? • ?

8. SECTION 1 RECAP • Social Structure and Status • Main Idea: The underlying pattern of social relationships in a group is called social structure. Ascribed statuses are assigned at birth; achieved statuses are earned or chosen.

9. Objectives: • discuss how statuses and roles are related to social structure. • identify and illustrate the concepts of social structure. • Preview People interact according to prescribed roles. These roles carry certain rights and obligations. Sometimes conflict or strain occurs when an individual has too many roles to play. Objectives for Section 2 & Section Preview SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND ROLES

10. MORE VOCABULARY FOR YOU TO DEFINE AND KNOW. • Role • Rights • Obligations • Role Performance • Social Interaction • Role Conflict • Role Strain

11. HOW ARE ROLES DIFFERENT FROM STATUS? • Role: • A described behavior • Teaching students the main ideas of sociological studies. • Status • A described position • An instructor of sociology. Why would these be mistaken and how can they be confused?

12. HOW DO RIGHTS & OBLIGATIONS WORK TOGETHER? • Teacher is obligated to be prepared with a lesson on a daily basis, while the student has the the right to expect the teacher to be prepared with the lesson. • Culture underlies the parts played in real life. • Give another example of this principle in your own words.

13. TRUE/ FALSE: SOCIAL INTERACTION DOES NOT HELP TO IDENTIFY ROLE PERFORMANCE. • False • Why is this the case? • Give examples to support your answers

14. HOW IS ACTING DIFFERENT FROM ROLE PERFORMANCE? • 1. Role performance occurs without planning • 2. Departures are not easy to detect between role and role performance • 3. Relationship between cues & responses not programmed or predictable • Cultural norms keep responses limited

15. COPY THE FOLLOWING CHART IN YOUR NOTES. GIVE AN EXAMPLE FROM YOUR OWN LIFE THAT DEMONSTRATES THIS PRINCIPLE.

16. IN WHAT WAYS DO WE MANAGE ROLE CONFLICT & ROLE STRAIN? • Prioritize choose which is more important and act accordingly • Segregation separate behavior in one role from that in another • Meeting goals & expectations for all roles is impossible. • Not accomplishing some will be ok for a while, but at some point it will be judged as failing to meet expected role performance.

17. What Should Be Learned From the Example About Dave & Ted? ROLE CONFLICT AND ROLE STRAIN

18. SECTION 2 RECAP • Social Structures and Roles • Main Idea: People interact according to pre- scribed roles. These roles carry certain rights and obligations.

19. Objective: describe the means of subsistence in preindustrial societies. • Preview: The way a society provides for basic needs greatly affects its culture and social structure. Preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial societies meet basic needs in different ways. Preindustrial societies include hunting and gathering, horticultural, pastoral, and agricultural societies. Objectives for Section 3 & Section Preview PREINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

20. WORDS WITH IMPORTANT MEANINGS. (PERHAPS YOU SHOULD WRITE THEM DOWN) • Society • Hunting & Gathering Society • Horticultural Society • Pastoral Society • Agricultural Society

21. LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF A HUNTING & GATHERING SOCIETY. • Nomadic • Few material possessions • Family takes care of needs • No concept of ownership • No Government • More leisure time

22. LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF A HUNTING & GATHERING SOCIETY. • Small groups • Cooperation (Sharing resources) • Generosity & hospitality valued • No social classes • Labor divided by sex & age

23. ARE THERE ANY HUNTER AND GATHER SOCIETY IN TODAY’S WORLD? • Yes • No Where might they be located?

24. LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. • Permanent settlements • Multi-community societies • Emphasis on providing for family • Depend more on families than others

25. WHAT ARE SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF A PASTORAL SOCIETY? • Farm or trade for grain • Migration (unless alternate grazing fields) • Political & religious leaders • Creation of surplus leads to social inequality • Woman at home/ Men with the herd • Male dominated • Complex division of labor • Trade for non-edible goods

26. MAIN POINTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. • Use plows & animals • Cities built • Non-farming occupations rise • New political, religious, & economic institutes emerge • Economic based on trade (money emerges) • Due to high productivity more can become educated, & engage is non-economic activities • Government guiding force not family • Distinct social classes emerged • Government & Religion

27. USING THE INFORMATION YOU HAVE BEEN GIVEN, CATEGORIZE THE INTO THE APPROPRIATE SOCIETY. • Permanent settlements • No concept of ownership • Use plows & animals • Migration (unless alternate grazing fields)

28. SECTION 3 RECAP • Preindustrial Societies • Main Idea: The way a society provides for basic needs greatly affects its cultural and social structure. Preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial societies meet basic needs in different ways. Preindustrial societies include hunting and gathering, horticultural, pastoral, and agricultural societies.

29. Objectives: • discuss the characteristics of industrial society. • compare and contrast preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial societies. • Preview: The Industrial Revolution created a new type of society called industrial society. Characteristics that distinguish this society from all earlier ones include the growth of large cities and a widespread dependence on machines and technology. Postindustrial society has a predominately white-collar labor force that is concentrated in service industries. Social instability has been linked to the transition from an industrial to a postindustrial society. Objectives for Section 4 & Section Preview INDUSTRIAL AND POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

30. MORE VOCABULARY!!! HOW HAPPY ARE WE???? • Industrial Society • Mechanization • Urbanization • Gemeinschaft • Gesellschaft • Social Solidarity • Mechanical Solidarity • Organic Solidarity • Postindustrial Society

31. WHAT IS INVOLVED IN MOVING FROM AN AGRICULTURAL TO INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY? • -Move from simple to advanced technologies • -Labor is less human driven and more machine driven • -Alternative power sources • -Move from farms to cities • -Education moved from home to school • -Distance grows between families • -Love & personal choice take over from arranged marriages • Women less subordinate • -Social class based more on occupation and less on parents

32. WHAT ARE THE 5 MAJOR FEATURES OF A POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY? • 1. Majority of the labor in services • 2. White collar replaces blue collar workers • 3. Technology knowledge is the key organizing feature • 4. Technology change is planned and assessed • 5. Reliance on computer modeling in all areas

33. WHAT ARE MARKERS FOR SOCIAL STABILITY & INSTABILITY? • Crime • Illegitimacy • Divorce • Distrust

34. WHAT CAUSES A RETURN TO SOCIAL STABILITY? • Values • Norms • Because culture can change, it is used to create new social structures better used to adapt to social & economic circumstances.

35. SECTION 4 RECAP • Industrial and Postindustrial Societies • Main Idea: The Industrial Revolution created a new type of society marked by the growth of large cities and a dependence on machines and technology. Postindustrial society has a predominantly white-collar labor force that is concentrated in service industries.