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Society, Social Structure and Interaction

Society, Social Structure and Interaction. Pages to review: 132-138 (up to roles) 143-157 (up to Future Changes...). Social Interaction & Social Structure.

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Society, Social Structure and Interaction

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  1. Society, Social Structure and Interaction

  2. Pages to review: • 132-138 (up to roles) • 143-157 (up to Future Changes...)

  3. Social Interaction & Social Structure • Social Interaction - process by which people act toward or respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationships and groups • Social Structure - stable pattern of social relationships that exist within a particular group or society. • What is the relationship between social structure and social interaction?

  4. Social Structure • Framework of the parts of society.

  5. Status • Status – socially defined position in a group or society – characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties. • Status is at every level • Statuses are “ascribed” (involuntarily or by birth) or “achieved” (voluntary by choice, effort)

  6. Status is a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties. • A status set is made up of all the statuses a person occupies at a given time • A master status is the most important status a person occupies • Status symbols are material signs that inform others of a person’s specific status.

  7. A social institution is any sort of human group that supports social practices or behaviours that a society has agreed to promote and obey. Ex: family, legal system, religion, education, economy, government, media Social Institutions

  8. What is the difference between a group and an institution? • A group is made up of specific, identifiable people. • (Our school is Lockview High) • An institution is a standardized way of doing something. • (The school is responsible to educate students)

  9. Functions of Social Institutions • Replacing members • Teaching new members • Producing, distributing and consuming goods • Preserving order • Providing and maintaining a sense of purpose

  10. Gemeinschaft is a traditional society where bonds are based on bonds of kinship, friendship and intergenerational stability.Gesellschaft is a large, urban society where bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little commitment to the group or consensus on values.Which one are we?

  11. Social Interaction: the Microlevel Perspective How does structure affect our daily lives?

  12. Microsocial perspectives: Social Interaction • “micro” = small , “macro = large • While macrosociology would look at the big picture (ex: how have social institutions created current conditions?), • microsociology would have a more individual focus (ex: how do individuals interact in society?)

  13. Looking at society from the microsocial perspective involves the following: • Social Interaction and Meaning • The Social Construction of Reality • Ethnomethodology • Dramaturgical Analysis • Non-verbal Communications

  14. Social Interaction and Meaning • We plan to act according to others’ words/actions. • We know that they have expectations of us, and we of them • Some of these are shared and consistent across situations. • Ex: civil inattention:(passers on a street). • Rituals will be interpreted differently depending on ethnicity, gender, class

  15. The Social Construction of Reality • If we interpret actions personally, can we have a shared reality? • Social construction of reality - Symbolic interactionists say our perception is shaped largely by our subjective meaning of experiences. • So we act according to how we think the situation is. • Self-fulfilling prophecy - false belief or prediction that produces behaviour that makes the originally false belief come true.

  16. Ethnomethodology • Ethnomethology is the study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to understand situations • Interaction is based on assumptions of shared expectations (ex: talking back and forth)

  17. Dramaturgical Analysis • Dramaturgical Analysis - study of interaction comparing life to a theatre • Impression management – the effort to present ourselves in the best light, own images. • This includes: • Face-Saving behaviour • Studied nonobservance • Front stage (on), Back stage (off/self).

  18. The Sociology of Emotions • Are emotions biological or social? • Both • feeling rules – we acquire a set of rules for how, where, why an emotion should be expressed • emotional labour – we work to achieve the correct level of emotion

  19. Nonverbal Communication • Nonverbal Communication - transfer of information between persons without the use of speech • May be intentional or unintentional. • Functions of nonverbal communication: • supplements, enhances, undermines verbal communication • Demeanor – how we behave or conduct ourselves

  20. Deference - symbolic actions of permissiveness • Facial expressions, eye contact and touching can be examples of deference behavior • Personal space is the immediate distance surrounding a person that the person claims as private • Varies between cultures • Intimate (0.5 m) • Personal (0.5-1.2m) • Social (1.2-3.6m) • Public (over 3.6m)

  21. All forms of non-verbal communication are influenced by gender, ethnicity, social class and the personal contexts in which they occur.

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