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Satire

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Satire

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  1. A Dry, Boring Lecture Regarding an Introduction to the Definitions, Applications, and Vital Statistics Thereof Contained Within Multiple Literary Genres and Media Outlets, a Knowledge of Which Are Essential to the Successful International Baccalaureate Student in the Language A Category of the International Baccalaureate Curriculum Get it? Satire

  2. Definitions and Distinctions • Satire • the literary art of diminishing or derogating a subject by making it ridiculous and evoking toward it attitudes of amusement, contempt, scorn, or indignation. • The butt, or object, of satire may be an individual (in "personal satire"), or a type of person, a class, an institution, a nation, or even the entirety of humanity.

  3. Satire v. Comedy • Satire differs from the comic • comedy evokes laughter mainly as an end in itself, while satire derides • Really, satire uses laughter as a weapon, and against the butt - an object - that exists outside the work itself.

  4. Justification for Satire • Satire is usually justified as a corrective of human vice and folly.  • “Those who are ashamed of nothing else are so of being ridiculous.” – Alexander Pope • The aim of satire • to ridicule the fault or failing of the individual, rather than the individual person • to target only those faults that are correctable, not those for which the individual is not responsible.

  5. Types of Satire • Literary • A writing or work whose sole purpose is satirical • Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels and Voltaire's Candide • Incidental • A writing or work whose overall mode is not satiric, but contains elements of satire as an aside • a certain character or situation • an interpolated passage • an ironic commentary on some aspect of the human condition or of contemporary society • Jane Austen's novels Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice

  6. Types of Satire • Formal (or Direct) Satire • the satiric persona - the speaker in the literary work - speaks out in the first person • This "I" may address the reader or a character within the work itself, who is called the adversarius • Indirect Satire • cast in some other literary form than that of direct address to the reader.  • Often a fictional narrative, in which the objects of the satire are characters who make themselves and their opinions ridiculous or obnoxious by what they think, say, and do, and are sometimes made even more ridiculous by the author's comments and narrative style.

  7. Horatian and Juvenalian Satire • Both are types of formal satire • Horatian Satire • lighter, gentler, less serious in tone.  • speaker manifests the character of an urbane, witty, and tolerant man of the world, • is moved more often to wry amusement than indignation at the spectacle of human folly, pretentiousness, or hypocrisy.

  8. Horatian and Juvenalian Satire • Juvenalian Satire • more serious, even harsh and bitter, in tone • Speaker is a serious moralist who uses a dignified and public style of utterance to decry kinds of vice and error that are usually more serious or dangerous.  • Contempt, moral indignation, or unillusioned sadness at human aberrations

  9. Devices and Modes • Burlesque • imitation of the manner (the form and style) or the subject matter of a serious literary work or genre, in poetry or prose • Intends to amuse by creating a ridiculous disparity between the matter and the manner, most often by either…

  10. Devices and Modes • Irony • All three types of irony are integral to the satirical format • Dramatic Irony • When the audience knows more than a character • Situational Irony • When what happens is different from the audience’s expectations • Verbal Irony • When a character or writer says something different than when he or she truly means • Involves a deflection from expectation

  11. Analyzing Satire • 1. What's the tone of the satire? • (grim, cheerful, sardonic, mock serious, optimistic, etc) • 2. What type of satire is this? • 3. What is the writer satirizing (the butt)? • 4. What is the writer's purpose in satirizing this subject? • 5. What literary techniques does the writer use in this satire? • (hyperbole, understatement, irony, humor, etc.)

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