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Parasitology

Parasitology. Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites. Biological Vectors. Hyperparasitism e.g mosquito carrying malaria protozoan Biological vectors Mechanical vectors. Host–Parasite Relationships. Definitive host

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Parasitology

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  1. Parasitology • Historical groupings • Ecto/Endoparasites • Obligate/Facultative parasites • Permanent/Temporary parasites

  2. Biological Vectors • Hyperparasitism • e.g mosquito carrying malaria protozoan • Biological vectors • Mechanical vectors

  3. Host–Parasite Relationships • Definitive host • Intermediate host

  4. Parasite Defenses • Encystment • Immunological challenges • Host cell invasion to escape Immune system

  5. Parasite Damage • Nutritional deprivation • Direct trauma/obstruction • Inflammation

  6. Plant-like Protozoa • (Algae) • Euglenoids • Diatoms • Dinoflagellates

  7. Fungus-like Protozoa • Water molds • Slime Molds

  8. Animal-like Protozoa • Mastigophorans • Use flagellae • Trypanosoma brucei • Trypanosoma cruzi

  9. Animal-like Protozoa • Amebozoa • Ameboid movement with pseudopods • Entamoeba histolytica

  10. Animal-like Protozoa • Apicomplexans • Apical enzyme complex assists host cell penetration • Plasmodium • Toxoplasma gondii

  11. Animal-like Protozoa • Ciliates • Move with cilia • Balantidium coli

  12. Fungi • Mycology • Single celled • Multicellular • Thallus • Mycelium • Hyphus • Septae

  13. Importance of Fungi • Industry • Decomposers • Antibiotic producers • Pathogens

  14. Phylum Zygomycota Conjugation Fungi Coenocytic hyphae Molds Rhizopus Opportunistic Phylum Ascomycota (Sac) Yeasts and multicellular fungi Septate hyphae when multicellular Penicillium Saccharomyces Candida Trichphyton Aspergillus Blastomyces Classification — Fungal Phyla

  15. Classification — Other Phyla • Basidiomycota (Club) • Multicellular, septate hyphae • Deuteromycota (Imperfect) • Sexual forms not (yet?) observed • Likely to be Ascomycota when classification is completed

  16. Phylum Platyhelmintha (Flatworms) Flukes (Class = =Trematodes) Schistosoma japonicum Tapeworm (Class = Cestodes) Taenia saginata Helminths - Platyhelminths

  17. Helminths - Nematodes • Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) • Trichinella spiralis

  18. Arachnids Spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites Ticks as Vectors Ixodes for B. burgdorferi Viral encephalitis Colorado tickfever Bacterial Rocky Mountain spotted fever Insects Vectors for Borrelia causing relapsing fever Fleas can carry Yersinia pestis Mosquitoes carry Plasmodium and Wuchereria Crustaceans Few may transmit disease, including Guinea worms Arthropods

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