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Games. Interactivity. CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO VERSION OF PRESENTATION. In the Beginning. First electronic game: pong (nonnarative, developed on oscilloscope). Types of Games. Arcade Games (Pac-Man, Missile Command) Card, Logic, Puzzles, & Board Games (Solitaire, Monopoly)
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Games Interactivity CLICK HERE FOR VIDEO VERSIONOF PRESENTATION
In the Beginning . . . • First electronic game: pong (nonnarative, developed on oscilloscope)
Types of Games • Arcade Games (Pac-Man, Missile Command) • Card, Logic, Puzzles, & Board Games (Solitaire, Monopoly) • Adventure Games: text, graphical, 3D (Bioshock, Grand Theft Auto) • Simulation (Sims) • Strategy Games “Strats” (DrugWars) • First-Person Shooters (FPS) • Third-Person Shooters • Role-Playing Games (RPGs) • MMOs / MMORPGs (Massively Multi-player Online Role-playing Game—e.g., World of Warcraft) • Sports Games • Serious Games (e.g., Newsgaming.com, GamesforChange.org)
Narrative and Non-narrative • Example of narrative game
Example Third-person narrativefor self-esteem-building www.josietrue.comby video artist Mary Flanagan
Chris Crawford says a game • Usually has a “win condition” or at least a challenge and reward (there’s a difference).
Espen Aarseth says a game has: • Rules • A game world (material/semiotic systems) • Gameplay (events resulting from application of the rules to the game world) • Even nonnarrative games have this – solitaire)
Chris Crawford’s Tips • What is interactivity?Playing with your dog?Reading a novel? • “Act” is the key word in interact.It starts with verbs: run, jump, kill, build, feed, talk, die, etc. • Allow the viewer to have inputAvoid too much “speaking” to the viewer.
Guidelines for Good Interactive Software Development • Start with verbs. What can my viewer do? The more the better (example: Zoo project) • Keep it fast. • Give feedback (example: v1 Pieces of Herself) • Let player act and don’t tell to much. • Don’t chastise your viewer (e.g., “Wrong answer!”) • Make everything undoable—they can try a different way and succeed.
(Cont’d) • Combine joyful play (exploration) with competitive play (kill or be killed). • Extremes don’t work: too boring, too intense • Intensity does not necessarily mean richness (example, a ball is fun to play with as long as it’s going where it wants to go) • Focus on process rather than facts (quizzes are deadly). Let people PLAY. • What not to do: Math problems, quizzes, and meaningless puzzles that have to be solved to get to the next place or win.
Serious Games For Purposes Other Than Entertainment
News Games • www.gamethenews.com
Civic • “Plan Your Future Park” in Gotham Gazette.First-person game used as a journalism storyabout public works and park development.
Advertising First-person narrative viral marketing game (promotes shopping and buying these toys) The Asylum: Psychiatric Clinic for Abused Cuddly Toys (e.g., see “Hippo”)
DivaStarz third-person narrative toencourage shopping behaviorin young girls.
Interactivity in Learning • Play is foundational to learning (interacting with material versus lectures) • Interactivity engages the mind more profoundly than any other kind of expression (more than passive observation) • The computer’s competitive advantage and artistic opportunity is this interactivity. • Educational Games on the computer work for children under 10 (not advanced enough for older)
Questions? Group Work
Bibliography • The Art of Interactive Design: A Euphonious and Illuminating Guide to Building Successful Software by Chris Crawford, No Starch Press, 2002. • First Person: New Media as Story, Performance, and Game by Noah Wardrip-Fruin (Editor), Pat Harrigan (Editor), MIT Press, 2004.
Electronic Literature / Net Art • To be thought-provoking • To take us out of our everyday experience • Political / Social Exploration • Some of the same techniques
The Dream • I dreampt I saw you there • my little one • my precious child • amongst the • WOLF CRIES • smoke and fire • and as i opened my arms to call your name • blackness overtook my vision • mothers rage gripped me and • as I reached to take you from that place • the cameras flashed • the sirens screamed • and instead of lifting you out • i pulled us all under
Where do you find it? • Electronic Literature Organization(www.eliterature.org) • Museums (e.g., Whitney Artport) • Festivals (SIGGRAPH, ISEA, FILE) • Web Sites (Rhizome.org) • Lots more
www.julietdavis.com/studio/barbie.html • www.julietdavis.com/studio/piecesofherself • www.julietdavis.com/studio/altar-ations