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The Networks evolution and its impact on Power Supplies

This presentation explores the evolution of supply interfaces and their impact on power supply chains, including the arrival of new technologies, simplification of installations, and the increasing interest towards cogeneration.

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The Networks evolution and its impact on Power Supplies

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  1. The Networks evolutionand its impact on Power Supplies Max Hubert René Revol Phillip WillisSchneider Electric Consulting CIAC160, avenue des Martyrs 11, rue des Cerisiers 18, rue Joseph Bara38050 Grenoble Cedex 9 91160 Longjumeau 92130 Issy-les-Moulineauxmax_hubert@mail.schneider.fr rene.revol@wanadoo.fr pwillis@ciac.fr

  2. Plan of the presentation • The evolution of supply interfaces • Its impact on supply chains • The arrival of new technology • The simplification of installations • Ready to use technical solutions • The increasing interest towards cogeneration • Conclusion

  3. The evolution of supply interfaces • Existing  Equipment • Direct current (48V) : 90 % consumption • Alternating current (230V) : 10 % consumption • Factors affecting evolution • increasing needs for alternating current • reduced demand of power required • enlargement of working temperature range: 5 à 40 °C • Progressive standardisation towards 230V/50Hz • integration of rectifiers in the systems • reduction in the use of the 48V bus in equipment • massive introduction of servers, routers, modems, …

  4. Equipment’s room Energy room Power supplyinterfaces No back up HV/LV ~ Back up 48 V = LV N/B REC BAT Telecomequipments Air cond. Uninterrupted ~ M Miscellaneous 230 V/50 Hz = GS ~ INV Its impact on supply chains (1/2) Hybrid SupplyChain Since the end of the 1970’s

  5. Equipment ’s room Energy room Power supplyinterfaces No back up ~ Back up 48 V = HV/LV LV N/B REC BAT Air cond. Telecomequipment Miscellaneous ~ M Uninterrupted 230 V/50 Hz GS ~ ~ UPS Its impact on supply chains (2/2) Double Supply Chain for evolving needs

  6. The arrival of new technology (1/5)High Speed Turbo-Alternators • Conception • Suppression of gear box (alternator > 56 000 rpm) • Rotor without windings • Reversibility of alternator (starting of the turbine) • Qualities • Mechanical Simplicity = reliability • High Kinetic Energy (stability in frequency) • Environmental Respect (noise, exhaust emissions NOX, CO, …) • Reduced Maintenance • Long Life technology • Constraintgenerator of direct current

  7. The arrival of new technology (2/5)High Speed Turbo-Alternators • In France : realization by CIAC Direct coupling of the turbine and the alternator • Turbine 160 kVA (length: 520 mm; diameter: 420 mm; masse: 32 kg) • Alternator 160 kVA (length: 345 mm; diameter: 248 mm; masse: 68 kg)

  8. The arrival of new technology (3/5)High Speed Turbo-Alternators • Principal of voltage regulation • e = - d/dt = n  Bm S sin t • f = /2 = 2N (rotation per second) = 1 867 Hz

  9. Air Cells Reformer NaturalGas Hydrogen Directcurrent Water and heat Exhaust Warm Water The arrival of new technology (4/5)Fuel Cells • Stationary Fuel Cells: accelerated development • Low Temperature Models  : PEMFC, PAFC (80 to 200 °C) • High Temperature Models   : MCFC, SOFC (600 to 1000 °C) • Qualities • High electrical efficiency • No moving parts (silent operation) • Negligible polluting Emissions (CO, NOX, …) • Constraint • Generator of direct current • Costs too high Natural gas fuel cells

  10. The arrival of new technology (5/5)Fuel Cells In France Schneider Electric + Air Liquide + De Nora European technology of type PEMFC On going Developments 1) Industrial Application: Electrical Generator “FC-STAT 200 kWe” (Uses hydrogen released by chemical process and connecting to the grid) 2)Cogeneration Application: Electrical Generator “PLUS PAC 50 kWe” (primary supply is LPG and a deposit of store hydrogen)

  11. Equipment’s room Energy room Power supplyinterfaces No back up Tertiary HV/LV Uninterrupted 230 V/50 Hz Telecomequipments Air cond. ~ ~ Miscellaneous UPS Charge RS Start The simplification of installations (1/2) • Simplified supply chain ASCETE(Patent France Télécom / Cnet n°98/01845 of 16/02/98)

  12. The simplification of installations (2/2) • Concept Source Replacement (SR)Turbo-alternator HV or Fuel Cell • UPS maintains supply and assure the start-up of SR • SR directly recharges the batteries of the UPS • Technical Advantages • Modularity and redundancy (direct current) • Reliability: simplified realisation • Economic Advantages • Suppression: inverter Normal/back-up, dedicated start-up system, synchronised connection with cogeneration • PropositionReduced power of SR(lower costs + cogeneration) • alternating current no back-up (tertiary usage) • alternating current uninterrupted (sensitive equipment

  13. Ready to use technical solutions Integration of UPSand Turbo-Alternator in a lightmetal shelter (P1MWe) • Compact soundproofed metal casings (standard ISO) • Easily transportable equipment (Land, Sea, Air)

  14. The increasing interest towards cogeneration (1/2) Natural gas cogeneration  rational and efficient solution Spread of primaryenergy consumed(Source SchematicCEGIBAT/Gaz de France) Electrical Thermal Global Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Gas Turbine 0,30 0,55 0,85Gas Engine 0,35 0,50 0,85Fuel Cell 0,45 0,40 0,85

  15. The increasing interest towards cogeneration (2/2) • The reasons for its development: • supports environmental politics • high global efficiency • masters individual consumption of energy • reduced energy costs for the client • opens markets of electricity and gas • favours decentralised energy production • evolution of legislation in favour of natural gas • same equipment for backup as for cogeneration • multiplication of mixedusage buildings • uses for local heating • arrival of turbo-alternators, and then fuel cells • reduction in environmental constraints and maintainance

  16. Conclusion • Double mutation of energy supply • imposed by the convergence of networks IP/Voice/data • resulting from the competition between technologies • Development of small cogeneration in multi-purpose buildings • with turbo-alternators HV (in final phase of development) • with fuel cells (for the next decade)

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