1 / 24

Chapter 4 Information Technology in Business: Hardware

Chapter 4 Information Technology in Business: Hardware. The Central Tool of Modern Information Systems. Four Basic Functions of Computers Accept data Process data Store data and instructions Output data. All computers have the same basic components.

bruno-hyde
Download Presentation

Chapter 4 Information Technology in Business: Hardware

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 4 Information Technology in Business: Hardware

  2. The Central Tool of Modern Information Systems • Four Basic Functions of Computers • Accept data • Process data • Store data and instructions • Output data

  3. All computers have the same basic components.

  4. Organizations have moved from using large mainframes to using networked PCs. The Central Tool of Modern Information Systems

  5. Computers Communicating: Bits And Bytes Computer recognizes two states: on or off • Each on or off signal represents a bit (binary digit)

  6. Figure 4.6 A look inside a computer A Peek Inside the Computer

  7. A Peek Inside the Computer • The Central Processing Unit (CPU) • The brain of the computer • Microprocessor • Carries signals that execute all processing • Two Components: • Control unit • Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

  8. Schematic of how circuits on a chip would be open and closed to represent the letter D in EBCDIC (11000100) Microprocessor • Microprocessor • Silicon chip embedded with transistors, or semiconductors letter D : 11000100

  9. What happens inside the CPU in one machine cycle executing the operation 7 + 5 • CPU’s execution of four functions: • 1.Fetch 2. Decode 3.Execute 4. Store

  10. Machine Cycle • Machine Cycle • CPU’s execution of four functions: • Fetch • Decode • Execute • Store • Functions measured in small fractions of a second

  11. TYPES OF MEMORY • Memory • Internal Memory • Random access memory (RAM) • Read-only memory (ROM) • External Memory • Magnetic disks, magnetic tapes, optical discs

  12. Computer Power • Computer Power • Clock rate (measured in cycles per second) • Amount of information the CPU can process per second 1Mhz= 1 million Machine Cycle • Speed determined only by combination of both factors

  13. Input Devices • Keyboard • Mouse, Trackball, and Track Pad • Touch Screen • Source Data Input Devices • Imaging • Speech Recognition

  14. Output Devices • Soft-Copy Output Devices • Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Monitor • Flat-Panel Monitor • Speech Output • Hardcopy Output Devices • Nonimpact Printers (most common) • Impact Printers

  15. External Storage Media • Important Properties to Consider • Capacity • Speed • Cost

  16. External Storage Media • Magnetic Tapes • Magnetic Disks • Optical Discs (Compact Discs) • Optical Tapes

  17. External Storage Media

  18. Classification of Computers • Supercomputers • The largest, most powerful, and most expensive • Used by universities, research institutions, and large corporations • Mainframe Computers • Less powerful and less expensive than supercomputers • Used by businesses with large amounts of data that need to be stored in a central computer

  19. Classificationof Computers • Minicomputers • Often used as the host computer in a network of smaller computers • Priced in the tens of thousands to a few hundred thousand dollars • Manufacturers: DEC (VAX), IBM (AS/400), and Hewlett-Packard

  20. Compatibility • Software and peripheral devices from one computer can be used with another computer. • In a networked environment, computers need to communicate to share databases and other computing resources. • In addition to power and cost, compatibility is an extremely important factor in purchasing decisions.

  21. Considerations in Purchasing Hardware • What should you consider when buying hardware? • Power -- speed, size of memory, storage capacity • Expansion and upgrade capability • Ports for external devices like printers, hard disks, communication devices • Ergonomics: Keyboard, Monitor • Vendor reliability, warranty policy, vendor support

  22. Considerations in Purchasing Hardware • Factor What to Look For • Power Greater frequency and word size, larger • Expandability Greater number of board slots for additional RAM • Ports Greater number of ports for printer, external hard disk, communication devices and other peripherals • Ergonomics Greater comfort and safety • Compatibility Comparability with many other computers and peripheral devices, as swell as software packages • Footprint Smaller area • Support Availability of telephone and on-line support for troubleshooting • Warranty Longer warranty period • Cost Lower cost

  23. Program Program TASK 1 RESULT CPU CPU CPU CPU TASK 1 TASK 2 TASK 3 RESULT Program TASK 2 RESULT CPU SEQUENTIAL & PARALLEL PROCESSING SEQUENTIAL PARALLEL

  24. REQUESTS DATA, SERVICE CLIENT / SERVER CLIENT SERVER USER INTERFACE APPLICATION FUNCTION DATA APPLICATION FUNCTION NETWORK RESOURCES

More Related