The Age of Jackson

1. The Age of Jackson

2. Jacksonian Democracy

4. Who was Andrew Jackson? Home State- Tennessee 1767-1845 Andrew Jackson’s election and Presidency was the beginning of the “common” man. He turned the Presidency into a more powerful office.

5. Why was Andrew Jackson so popular? • War Hero during the War of 1812 and the Seminole Wars. • Was born poor, but became a powerful person. • Was seen as a “Common Man”.

6. What is the “Common Man”? • Regular person. • Usually poor. • Usually a farmer. • Usually from the South or West.

7. Who were the Democrats? • The Party of the “Common Man”. • Popular with farmers, immigrants, poor people, and Southerners. • Andrew Jackson became the leader of the party.

8. What was the “Spoils System”? • Andrew Jackson was the first President to replace government workers with his own supporters as a gift. • Some of these supporters were not qualified for their jobs.

9. What was the “Kitchen Cabinet”? • The Kitchen Cabinet were Andrew Jackson’s friends that he relied on for advice. • Jackson preferred the advice of his friends than the advice of politicians/government workers.

10. How did Andrew Jackson change the Presidency? • Jackson was the first president to think of himself as the leader of the government. • Jackson claimed that since the President is the person elected by everyone, the President should be in charge.

11. What is the Presidential Veto? • Veto Power- The Power of the President to reject laws. Vetoes could only be overturned by a 2/3’s vote by Congress. • Altogether, the first six presidents vetoed ten bills. In Jackson's eight years in office, he vetoed twelve.

13. What is Andrew Jackson’s legacy? • Andrew Jackson changed the American Presidency. • The President became the leader of the government. • Government became more political and personality mattered more.

14. Andrew Jackson’s Political Fights

15. What was the Tariff of 1828? • (1) The Tariff of 1828 taxed imports from Europe. • The Tariff of 1828 was supported by the north (helped manufacturers) and opposed to by the south (hurt farmers).

16. What is Nullification? • South Carolinians promoted an idea called nullification in order to remove the Tariff of 1828. • Nullification stated that states could void/cancel any Federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.

17. What was President Jackson’s response to Nullification? • Jackson thought the nullification doctrine was treasonous (betrayed the country). • Jackson knew that Nullification would eventually lead to the breakup of the U.S.

18. Who was John C. Calhoun? Home State-South Carolina 1782-1850 As Vice-President of the U.S. Calhoun fought with Jackson over the idea of Nullification. Nullification said states could cancel out Federal Laws.

19. Why was Henry Clay important? • “My only regret as President is that I didn’t shoot Henry Clay and hang John Calhoun”. -Jackson Henry Clay came up with the compromise that ended the Nullification Crisis. He helped lower taxes in the South.

20. What was the Second National Bank? • Private bank in Philadelphia responsible for making loans. • Most of the money in the bank was owned by Europeans and rich individuals.

21. Why was Andrew Jackson against the Second National Bank? • Andrew Jackson fought against rich people as the hero of the Common Man. • Banks often closed on people’s farms.

22. What do Andrew Jackson’s fights tell us about his values? • Andrew Jackson was a fighter. • Andrew Jackson fought for the Common Man; Southerners, farmers, Westerners.

23. Andrew Jackson, Native Americans, and Slavery

24. Why did slavery grow under Andrew Jackson? • The Southern economy grew more dependent on slavery under Andrew Jackson. • More land became available for plantations.

25. Who were the Cherokee Indians? • The Cherokee Indians lived in the South. • The Cherokees were the largest of the “Five Civilizes Tribes”. • They adopted European customs and culture.

27. Why were the Cherokee Indians moved? • The Cherokee’s land was farm land that Southern farmers wanted. • Gold was discovered in Cherokee land.

28. What was Worcester v. Georgia? (1832) • Chief Justice John Marshall and a majority of the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee were an Independent nation and Georgia had no power or rights above the Cherokee.

29. What was the Indian Removal Act? • Passed in 1830. • Allowed the Federal Government to remove Indians from their land and move them to Oklahoma.

30. What was the Trail of Tears? • From 1831-1840. • Soldiers removed Native Americans from their homes in Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Alabama.

31. Why did Andrew Jackson support the Trail of Tears? • Andrew Jackson removed the Native Americans in order to help Southern farmers get more land.

32. Why is the Trail of Tears seen as a tragedy? • Over 100,000 Indians were moved from their homes. • At least 5,000 passed away in the journey.