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Retrieving Adjective Gradations from Adjective Definitions. John Garrod, Chloe Kiddon, Brad Moore. Motivation. refine WordNet’s “similar to” relation. Approach. Extract intensity relations from text Plain text and corpora not useful for finding adjective relations
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Retrieving Adjective Gradations from Adjective Definitions John Garrod, Chloe Kiddon, Brad Moore
Motivation • refine WordNet’s “similar to” relation
Approach • Extract intensity relations from text • Plain text and corpora not useful for finding adjective relations • Usually don’t occur in text • Best current work only clusters adjectives into broad simliar groups, not find fine-grained relations between them • Use WordNet glosses and dictionary definitions to find the relations
Example Sentence • Nefarious • Infamous by way of being extremely wicked. • Nefarious entails wicked. • (Dictionary.com)
hot_under_the_collar(p) entails angry greedy entails desirous overabundant entails abundant hot entails lucky brisk entails active acute entails sharp virulent entails infectious irate entails angry deep entails intellectual fetching entails attractive advantageous entails favorable Relations found
More Input Data • Often glosses do not contain useful comparisons even between related adjectives • Draw more input from dictionary.com definitions • Differentiate and isolate adjective senses • Easily extendable to other online references.
Quality of Results • No reference data to compare • Took relations we found, randomly changed type of relationship, and surveyed • Real relationships: 65% valid • Faked relationships: 30% valid • Reason to believe actually results are higher quality than that. Human vocabulary is less than dictionary vocabulary, after all. • stiff entails high marked as invalid, but what about stiff prices?
Possible Extensions • Train on other corpora • Handle antonyms • Parse training sentences to avoid part of speech errors • pinstriped -> having very thin stripes • But pinstriped does not entail thin