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Dialog Design 3 How to use a PDA

Dialog Design 3 How to use a PDA. Personal Digital Asst. (PDA). Palm VII. Palm IIIc. Handspring Visor. HP Jornada. Apple Newton (1993). PDAs. Becoming more common and widely used Smaller display (160x160), (320x240) Few buttons, interact through pen Estimate: 14 million shipped by 2004

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Dialog Design 3 How to use a PDA

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  1. Dialog Design 3How to use a PDA CS/PSY 6750

  2. Personal Digital Asst. (PDA) Palm VII Palm IIIc Handspring Visor HP Jornada Apple Newton (1993) CS/PSY 6750

  3. PDAs • Becoming more common and widely used • Smaller display (160x160), (320x240) • Few buttons, interact through pen • Estimate: 14 million shipped by 2004 • Improvements • Wireless, color, more memory, better CPU, better OS • Palmtop versus Handheld CS/PSY 6750

  4. No Shredder… CS/PSY 6750

  5. Input • Pen is dominant form • Three main techniques • Free-form ink • Soft keyboards (tapping) • Recognition systems • Also can connect keyboard CS/PSY 6750

  6. Free-form Ink • Ink is the data, take as is • Human is responsible forunderstanding andinterpretation • Like a sketch pad Example • Digital Ink - CMU • video, CHI ‘98 • Flatland - Xerox PARC • video, CHI ‘99 CS/PSY 6750

  7. Soft Keyboards • Common on PDAs and mobile devices • Many varieties • Tapping interface • Stroking interface CS/PSY 6750

  8. Tapping Interface • Presents a small diagram of keyboard • You click on buttons/keys with pen • QWERTY vs. alphabetical • Tradeoffs? • Alternatives? CS/PSY 6750

  9. Tegic Communications-T9 • Tapping interface that uses phone pad • You press out letters of your word, it matches the most likely word, then gives optional choices • Used in mobile phones • www.tegic.com/t9 CS/PSY 6750

  10. Cirrin • Developed by Jen Mankoff (GT->Cal) • Word-level unistroke technique CS/PSY 6750

  11. Recognition Systems • Recognizing letters and numbers • Special symbols Handwriting Recognition • Lots of systems (commercial too) • English, kanji, etc. • Not perfect, but people aren’t either! • People - 96% handprinted single characters • Computer - >97% is really good • OCR (Optical Character Recognition) CS/PSY 6750

  12. Recognition Issues • Off-line vs. On-line • Off-line: After all writing is done, speed not an issue, only quality • On-line: Must respond in real-time • Bitmapped vs. Vectorized • Bitmapped: Usually off-line, like OCR • Vectorized: On-line, uses angle, direction, speed, pressure, acceleration, etc. CS/PSY 6750

  13. More Issues • Boxed vs. Free-Form input • Sometimes encounter boxes on forms • Printed vs. Cursive • Cursive is much more difficult • Letters vs. Words • Cursive is easier to do words • Using context & words can help • Usually requires existence of a dictionary • Check to see if word exists • Consider 1/I/l • Training - Many systems improve a lot with training data CS/PSY 6750

  14. Special Alphabets • Graffiti - Unistroke alphabet on Palm PDA • Experience? • Other alphabets or purposes • Gestures for commands CS/PSY 6750

  15. Pen Gesture Commands - Might mean delete Define a series of (hopefully) simple drawing gesturesthat mean different commands in a system CS/PSY 6750

  16. Pen Use Modes • Often, want a mix of free-form drawing and special commands • Might use visible mode switch • Might have pen action buttons/switches CS/PSY 6750

  17. Error Correction • Having to correct errors can slow input tremendously • Strategies • Erase and try again • n-best list • ... CS/PSY 6750

  18. Interesting Applications • Signature verification • Note-taking • Academic course • Corporate meeting • Sketching systems • Designers’ aids Example • Silk - J. Landay, CMU • Video, CHI ‘96 CS/PSY 6750

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