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Processes That Can Affect the Stages of Memory:

Processes That Can Affect the Stages of Memory:. Three stages of processing an important event Encoding, Storage and Retrieval Factors that can affect eyewitness memory in these three stages: Encoding stage factors Violence, Unconscious Transference, Divided Attention

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Processes That Can Affect the Stages of Memory:

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  1. Processes That Can Affect the Stages of Memory: • Three stages of processing an important event • Encoding, Storage and Retrieval • Factors that can affect eyewitness memory in these three stages: • Encoding stage factors • Violence, Unconscious Transference, Divided Attention • Storage stage factors • Time factors • Retrieval stage factors • Expectations, Misremembering

  2. Three-Stores Model of Memory Maintenance Rehearsal Attention Encoding Sensory Memory Working Memory LTM Sensory Input Indefinite Duration Indefinite Capacity (STORAGE) .5” - 3” Duration 75 – 100% Capacity 10” - 15” Duration 7 + or – 2 Capacity Retrieval

  3. How many wrongful convictions are due to misidentification?

  4. Remember!

  5. REALITY It really is the criminal It’s not the criminal DECISION YES, that’s the guilty person NO, that’s not the guilty person

  6. Three Steps in Processing an Important Event: • The encoding stage—perception of the original event • The storage stage—time between the event • and the recollection of a piece of information • The retrieval stage—recall of the stored information

  7. Encoding Stage Factors: Violence • Weapons Focus - Loftus. • Violence towards a Child - Loftus and Burns Unconscious Transference • Donald Thompson - falsely accused • Robbery in the Cafeteria - Ross and Ceci Divided Attention

  8. Storage Stage Factors Time Factors • A Self Test • How Long Before We Forget?-Shepherd

  9. Shepard’s Results % Recalled 2 Hrs. 3 Days 7 Days 4 Mths.

  10. Retrieval Stage Factors Expectations • Telephone game - Allport and Postman Mis-remembering • Mis-remembering and the “Just Desserts” Case • The Misinformation Effect - Loftus

  11. Three Experimental Situations in the Misinformation Paradigm (Loftus): • Subjects view an event • Subjects are exposed to (misleading) • information about the event • Subjects recall the event to see if the • misleading information has had an effect

  12. How fast were the cars going when they ******* each other? Contacted Hit Bumped Collided into Smashed into

  13. Loftus 1 Speed estimates for the different verbs used in the witness question Estimated Speed Contacted Hit Bumped Collided Smashed

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