National Self-Determination

1. Have any of you ever been involved in a protest? What was it about? For those who have never been involved in a protest, what would motivate you to take action? Anything? National Self-Determination Read the caption to Figure 8-1 on page 180 How do each of these photographs show examples of national self-determination? Find a partner read page 181 and work through the questions and Review both of the Key Terms by writing out a guess of what you think each of them means

2. What is National Self-Determination? Read pages 182-183 Using the subject National Self-Determination, complete the Point-Proof-Comment Handout To assist you, use the following four points With a partner, complete the remaining aspects of the handout When finished, complete the Reflect and Respond National Self-Determination National self-determination is a people’s power to control their own affairs Kosovo had been part of Yugoslavia, then of Serbia, until it declared independence in 2008 This may not bring an end to the conflict in the area — and the UN’s continuing presence could be seen as an attempt to prevent others from regaining or taking control of the region At the end of World War I, it was hoped that self-determination would bring lasting peace This concept was articulated and supported by American president Woodrow Wilson It did not apply to all nations — and it has not succeeded in bringing peace to the world The desire for self-determination can unite people — or drive them apart American historian Louis L. Snyder makes this point in the Encyclopedia of Nationalism Nation-states must decide how they will deal with the divisions that can occur among citizens The right to self-determination is reflected in the charter of the United Nations and defined by the International Court of Justice as belonging to peoples as well as to governments, but it is not clear what should happen when peoples within nation-states want self-determination Kosovo’s independence, for example, was recognized by some governments but not by others, nor by the UN States which formally recognize Kosovo States that do not recognize Kosovo The right of Aboriginal peoples to govern themselves within nation-states is often especially complex and unclear

3. And Finally… Begin a list of terms from this chapter, which include… Any term/phrase/concept that would be considered important in helping you with your … Investigative Report Any suggestions as to what you should include?

4. What Are Some Effects of Pursuing National Self-Determination? Read the top half of page 184 Return to the partner you completed the Reflect and Response with on page 183 Complete the Activity Does Kosovo meet their criteria? Why or why not?

5. Decolonization and Self-Determination: Indochina and Tibet With your partner, read each of the sections below, taking brief jot-notes for each of the sections on the handout provided: Decolonization and Self-Determination (p. 184) Decolonization in Indochina (p. 185) The Vietnam War (p. 185) A 36 Second History Cambodia, Justice, and the Pursuit of National Self-Determination (p. 186) Tibet and the Pursuit of National Self-Determination (p. 187)

6. Cambodia Khmer Rouge 1975 to 1979 Part One

7. Cambodia Khmer Rouge 1975 to 1979 Part Two

9. Dalai Lama Read the following: The armed invasion of Tibet for the incorporation of Tibet in Communist China through sheer physical force is a clear case of aggression. As long as the people of Tibet are compelled by force to become a part of China against their will and consent, the present invasion of Tibet will be the grossest instance of the violation of the weak by the strong. We therefore appeal through you to the nations of the world to intercede in our behalf and restrain Chinese aggression. Dalai Lama, to the United Nations, 1950 Why did the UN fail to respond to the Dalai Lama’s appeal? What message does this failure send about the U.N.’s position on self-determination? Should the UN express a position on self-determination, or should the organization take a neutral stance? What is the Chinese government’s view? Do you agree or disagree?

10. And Finally… Continue with your list of terms from this chapter, which include… Any term/phrase/concept that would be considered important in helping you with your … Investigative Report Any suggestions as to what you should include?

11. Successor States Read pages 190-192: Respond to all three of the Activities Newsreel on India’s & Pakistan’s Independence Respond to the following statements with one of the four responses Include a written rationale for your response Agree Disagree Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree The people who live in a region should decide which nation-state they will join Mohandas Gandhi demanded that India become independent too quickly Pakistan and India should not have become separate successor states The division of India made conflict — and the resulting violence — inevitable The UN should demand a plebiscite* in Kashmir — or the violence will continue *A direct vote by all the eligible voters on an issue of national importance

12. Positive and Negative Consequences of the Pursuit of Self-Determination Using the handout, complete the Reflect and Respond on page 192 South Asians – India, Pakistan and Kashmir An Example: Partition into India and East and West Pakistan Non-violent independence movement Mohandas Gandhi’s Quit India campaigns in the 1930s and 1940s Division into separate successor states Success in achieving independence from Britain Independence achieved in 1947 Violence between Muslims and Hindus The conflict led to many deaths India and West and East Pakistan (later Bangladesh) established Kashmiri’s right to self-determination still in dispute Plebiscite has still not been held, and violence continues in Kashmir Establishment of independent successor states

13. And Finally… Continue with your list of terms from this chapter, which include… Any term/phrase/concept that would be considered important in helping you with your … Investigative Report Any suggestions as to what you should include?

14. What Are Some Effects On Canada Of Pursuing National Self-Determination? Read the opening half of page 193 Get into groups of four… • Momentarily, you will be numbered off onethroughfour. Each of you will go to one of the four assigned EXPERT groups and complete a brief summary using the handout • Pursuit of National Self-Determination in Canada • You will have approximately 15-20 minutes to do this. • #1 – First Nations’ Pursuit of Self-Determination (Pages 193-194) • #2 – Inuit Pursuit of Self-Determination (Pages 194-195) • #3 – Métis Pursuit of Self-Determination (Page 196) • #4 – Quebec and National Self-Determination (Page 197) • When finished, return to your original group of four and share your EXPERTISE with your other three group members. They will do the same for you. When you are done, you will have information on all four readings Complete the Reflect and Respond on page 197

15. And Finally… Continue with your list of terms from this chapter, which include… Any term/phrase/concept that would be considered important in helping you with your … Investigative Report Any suggestions as to what you should include?

16. What Are Some Unintended Consequences Of The Pursuit of National Self-Determination? Refuges From Selected Countries - 2006 Review the chart In 2006, about 32 million people were living as refugees around the world What do you think the quality of life is like for refugees? What do you think it would be like to be uprooted from your home, forced to flee your community and be separated from your family? Should Canada and other developed nations take in more refugees?

17. Unintended Consequences of the Pursuit of Self-Determination With a partner, read pages 199-201 Using the handout, make notes and summarize what you have read in each of the three sections Again... Should Canada and other developed nations take in more refugees?

18. Why Doesn’t the U.N. Just Step In and Quickly Resolve the Refugee Dilemma? Respond to the question above Respond to the questions in each of these images on pages 199-200

19. And Finally… Complete your list of terms from this chapter, which include… Any term/phrase/concept that would be considered important in helping you with your … Investigative Report Any suggestions as to what you should include?

20. Think About Your Challenge Prepare an investigative report on a historical or contemporary nationalist movement On the question: To What Extent Should National Interest Be Pursued? Review page 203 Are you ready? Your Challenges Are Due In Four Sleeps!

21. To What Extent Should National Interest Be Pursued? Are you prepared for Related Issue #2 Exam? When is it? Monday Where will it be held? Room 24 Who has to write it? You What will be on it? 40 Multiple Choice Questions Why will I be here? ‘Cause you’d rather spend a class writing an exam than listen to Mr. Edwards!