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Aice United States History. Exam review. 1. Theme 1- Westward Expansion and the Taming of the west, 1840-96. The doctrine of Manifest Destiny The annexation of Texas, the Mexican War and its consequences The Mormons and Utah The Oregon Question The railroads and their significance. 2.
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Aice United States History • Exam review 1
Theme 1- Westward Expansion and the Taming of the west, 1840-96 • The doctrine of Manifest Destiny • The annexation of Texas, the Mexican War and its consequences • The Mormons and Utah • The Oregon Question • The railroads and their significance 2
Essay 1 • 1. Assess the main factors involved in the taming of the ‘Wild West’ between 1840 and 1896. 3
Essay 2 • 2. Why was it that the 1850 Compromise had started to unravel by 1856? 5
Essay 3 • 3. Explain why, and with what consequences, America’s belief in Manifest Destiny proved so strong in the 1840s and 1850s. 7
Essay 4 • 4. How far was the displacement of the Native American nations and the destruction of their way of life a consequence of deliberate government policy in the period 1840-1896? 9
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Theme 1 Trends • 1. U.S. War with Mexico • 2. Impact on Native Americans • 3. Manifest Destiny • 4. Compromise of 1850 11
Theme 2- Civil War and reconstruction, 1861-77 • The Civil War: strengths and weaknesses of the Union and the Confederacy • Lincoln and Davis as war leaders • Different strategies of the armies, key campaigns and battles • European attitudes and diplomatic initiatives • The Emancipation Proclamation and its effects • Weaknesses of the Confederate political system • Wartime politics in the Union: civil liberties, the 1864 election • Grant and Lee as generals • Why did the South lose? 12
Theme 2- Civil War and reconstruction, 1861-77 • Reconstruction: legacies of the war; devastated South and booming North • Lincoln’s program for rebels • Johnson’s Reconstruction program, Congressional opposition • Radical Congressional Reconstruction, impeachment of Johnson • Grant’s administrations, changing emphasis • Erosion of black rights, reinstatement of white supremacy • Compromise of 1877 and the end of Reconstruction 13
Essay 1 • 1. ‘From the outset it was quite clear that the Union would ultimately be victorious in the Civil War.’ To what extent do you agree with this assessment? 14
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Essay 2 • 2. How close did the Confederacy come to ‘winning’ the Civil War? 16
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Essay 3 • 3. Examine the view that Lincoln’s contribution to the Union victory in the Civil War has been greatly exaggerated. 18
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Essay 4 • 4. To what extent was Reconstruction a failure? 20
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Theme 2 trends • Trends: • 1. Strengths and weaknesses- Union, Confederacy • 2. Reconstruction • 3. Leadership- Lincoln, Davis, Grant, Johnson 22
Theme 3- The impact of economic expansion • Reasons for the expansion of US industry and commerce after the Civil War • Effects of mass immigration • Effects of technical innovations • The impact of railroad expansion • Steel, oil and finance • Trust and monopolies, attempts at regulation • Cult of the business ethic • Agrarian revolt and populism, the rise of trade unions • Ford and the production line revolution • The Progressive Era 23
Essay 1 • 1. Assess the impact of immigration on American social and economic life in the period from 1865 to 1914. 24
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Essay 2 • 2. Account for the rise of giant corporations in the period 1870-1914. 26
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Essay 3 • 3. To what extent is it true to say that Progressivism was simply Populism moved up into the middle classes? 28
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Essay 4 • 4. Account for the widespread unrest amongst American farmers in the latter part of the nineteenth century. 30
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Theme 3 • Trends: • 1. Immigration • 2. Gov’t Attempts to Control Business • 3. Progressivism • 4. Populism 32