Objectives

1. Objectives • Content: Interpret a map on the Marshall Plan and rank the top two countries who received aid. • Learning: List 5 rights guaranteed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

2. The Cold War Post WWII and the 1950’s

3. Rebuilding After WWII • United States wanted to prevent economic and political instability in Europe. • Marshall Plan • George C. Marshall’s plan to provide Europe with massive economic aid ($) to help rebuild their economies and to prevent the spread of Communism (Containment)

5. Post War Germany • Germany was partitioned into West and East Germany • West Germany became Democratic and returned to self-rule after occupation. • East Germany became Communist and stayed under Soviet control.

6. Post War Japan • America stayed in Japan for 7 years to re-build • Japan was demilitarized, adopted a democratic government, and returned to self-rule • Japan soon became an ally of the United States

7. United Nations • Formed near the end of WWII to prevent future global wars • First United Nations (UN) meeting in 1946 in California • 50 nations attended and agreed to settle disputes peacefully • Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

8. U.S. Economy • Switched from making war materials to consumer goods • The economy was strong • Increased demand for American products • Healthy job market • Increased productivity • Increase in buying on credit

9. U.S. Workforce • Men were able to return to work since economy was booming • Most women returned to caring for the home and children full time. • Labor Unions became more powerful • Workers gain more benefits • Higher salaries

10. Life in Post WWII USA Baby Boom • There was an explosion of baby births following WWII. • 1946-1964 • 79 million babies were born

11. Life in Post WWII USA G.I. Bill of Rights • Gave educational, housing, and employment benefits to WWII veterans.

12. Life in Post WWII USA Women’s Role • Over time, expect women balance household, children, and a job. • Because of prosperity, the next generation of women entered workforce in large numbers

13. Technology in the USA • Explosion of technology • The airline industry grew with the use of the Jet engine • Eisenhower created the interstate highway system http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggtH05LFF3k

15. Objectives • Content: • Analyze a political cartoon from the Cold War and determine its message. • Compare the Butter Battle Book and the Cold War and explain its symbolism. • Learning: • List the characteristics of the two superpowers.

16. Origins of the Cold War U.S.A. vs. U.S.S.R.

17. Cold War The state of tension and intimidation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. There was no actual fighting, but the rest of the world took sides.

18. United States Democracy – government where supreme power rests with the people. Capitalism – private ownership of goods. Two Superpowers

19. Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) Dictatorship – absolute power in the hands of one person Communism – all people own equally Two Superpowers

20. U.S. Policy • During the Cold War, the United States pledged to help any country threatened by Communism. • Containment- to stop the spread of Communism

21. Superpower Competition • Competition took place between the two superpowers (U.S. and U.S.S.R.) in many areas. • Influence • Weapons • Technology

22. Influence • After WWII, the U.S.S.R. dominated Eastern European countries and forced them to accept Communism/ Dictatorship. • The U.S. used money to influence countries in Western Europe to be Capitalist/Democratic.

23. “ From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent” -Winston Churchill, 1946

24. Weapons • Arms Race -competition for military supremacy (nuclear weapons) • Both sides want the most powerfulweapons and the largest number of them. Duck and Cover Instructional Video

25. What is the political cartoon trying to tell people about the Cold War?

26. Technology • Space Race - competition for space exploration • Soviets launched first satellite into space (Sputnik) • U.S. was first to land on the moon http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDtWnCSsBSQ&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

27. Berlin • First serious Cold War conflict • Blockade • Soviet Union blocked cars and trains in and out of West Berlin. This was an attempt to rid West Berlin of Democracy • Airlift • U.S. responded by airlifting food and supplies to the people of West Berlin

28. Berlin Wall: built by Soviets in 1961 and stood until November 1989 to keep the two sides separate. http://youtu.be/C5FR_cuQsrc

31. Objectives • Content: • Compare maps from the beginning of the Cold War to 1962. • Order events from the Cold War • Learning: • Define Domino Theory

32. NATO vs. Warsaw Pact • U.S.and other free countries signed an agreement called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • Promise to defend each other against an attack by a Communist nation (“to attack one is to attack all”) • In response to NATO, Communist countries signed a similar agreement called the Warsaw Pact. • The U.S.S.R. was the leader

34. U.S. At Home: The Red Scare • Red = Communism • Senator Joe McCarthy began a Communist witch hunt in the early 1950’s. He identified US citizens he believed to be supporters of Communism. (McCarthyism) • Thousands of people were accused of espionage (spying), ruining their lives and careers. http://youtu.be/X_uTbVfDtgI

35. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of spying for the Soviets and were executed

37. Korean War 1950-1953 • After WWII, Korea was occupied by Soviet Union in the North and the U.S. in the South. • Both became their own states • North Korea led by Kim Il Sung (Communist) • South Korea led by Syngman Rhee (anti Communist)

38. North Korea invaded South Korea and the U.S. sent troops to help South Korea resist the spread of Communism. • After the United Nations sent troops to help South Korea, China helped North Korea.

39. Korean War 1950-1953 • The war eventually ended in a stalemate • The dividing line between North and South Korea is almost in the same position as before the war.

40. Rising Tensions • U.S. U2 spy plane shot down over the Soviet Union (1960) • Cuban Revolution (1953-1959) • Overthrow of a pro U.S. government by Fidel Castro • Cuba becomes Communist

41. Cuba • Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) • Failed U.S. sponsored invasion of Cuba to take down the Communist government led by Fidel Castro

42. According to this map: Which countries are now Communist?Is the United States containing communism?.

43. Cuba • Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) • “The closest the world ever came to nuclear war” • U.S. spy plane captures pictures of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba. • President Kennedy ordered a naval blockade of Cuba and demanded the removal of the missiles.

45. http://youtu.be/iZAwvCKoSi8

46. Cuba • 13 day standoff lead to the agreement: • U.S. will never again invade Cuba • Soviet Union will remove all nuclear weapons from Cuba

47. Vietnam • Vietnam was divided after they won independence from France in 1954. • North Vietnam was Communist (leader: Ho Chi Minh) • South Vietnam was not (leader: Diem). • North Vietnam wanted to unify both states to form one country with Ho Chi Minh as its leader.

48. Gulf of Tonkin • Gulf of Tonkin Incident • President Johnson used a reported attack on two U.S. ships to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • The resolution granted Johnson the authority to militarily assist South Vietnam without Congress’ approval.

49. Vietnam War 1955-1975 • By 1965 U.S. was actively fighting with the South Vietnamese to stop the spread of Communism from North Vietnam. • Remember the Domino Theory: If one country falls to Communism, all the surrounding countries are at risk to fall too!

50. Rise of Anti-War Protests • Americans were sharply divided over involvement in the Vietnam War • Protests increased because there were not enough volunteers for the war. This caused the U.S. government to draft soldiers for the war.