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SAWS Workshop II October 2008 Jamie Gudmestad - Meteorologist Intern WFO Midland, TX - Air Force Reserve Weather Forecas

AIRCRAFT ICING. SAWS Workshop II October 2008 Jamie Gudmestad - Meteorologist Intern WFO Midland, TX - Air Force Reserve Weather Forecaster Shaw AFB, SC. Aviation Safety Foundation. My employment Full time – Meteorologist WFO Midland Part time – Forecaster for various areas in the

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SAWS Workshop II October 2008 Jamie Gudmestad - Meteorologist Intern WFO Midland, TX - Air Force Reserve Weather Forecas

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  1. AIRCRAFT ICING SAWS Workshop IIOctober 2008Jamie Gudmestad- Meteorologist InternWFO Midland, TX- Air Force ReserveWeather ForecasterShaw AFB, SC Aviation Safety Foundation

  2. My employment Full time – Meteorologist WFO Midland Part time – Forecaster for various areas in the Middle East Wikipedia

  3. Content of this presentation • Why icing is SO important to aviation • Where and when icing commonly occurs • The types of icing • Type of aircraft most susceptible to icing • TAFs and other products • Future icing detection • Where more information can be found

  4. The National Weather Service (NWS) provides weather, hydrologic, and climate forecasts and warnings for the United States, its territories, adjacent waters and ocean areas, for the protection of life and property.

  5. Study by the National Transportation Safety Board "An estimated 819 people died in accidents related to in-flight icing between 1982 and 2000." Over 40 people/year www.airport-technology.com

  6. American Eagle 4184 October 31, 1994 Roselawn, Indiana Crashed after circling in icy weather killed all 68 on board Airlines.net

  7. Air Florida Flight 90 January 13, 1992 Washington DC Aircraft was De-iced, then sat on the runway killed all 78 on board Airdisaster.com

  8. A Cessna 208B Caravan November 8, 2002 Parks, Arizona Aircraft was in route from Las Vegas, NV on its way to Midland, TX Moderate mixed icing aironline.com/wikipedia

  9. Airfoil Normal Iced Hanley Innovations: Airfoil Icing & Microtab Study

  10. Icing of other aircraft parts AOPA Aviation Safety Foundation

  11. Icy Runways Webshots.com

  12. Key Ingredient • Near Saturated environment • Favorable Atmospheric Conditions for Icing: Temperature Dew point Depression Approx. RH 0° to -7°C (32 to 18°F) less than 2°C (<3.6°F) 85% -8 to -15°C (17 to 5°F) less than 3°C (<5.4°F) 80% -16 to -22°C (4 to -8°F) less than 4°C (<7.2°F) 75% AFWA TN 98-002

  13. Winter Map from the Air Safety Foundation (AOPA)

  14. Mountains • Icing is more likely & more severe in clouds located near moisture sources & over mountainous regions University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (COMET)

  15. Fronts University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (COMET)

  16. Fronts University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (COMET)

  17. Clouds Icing Risk/Type of Clouds Cumulus Stratiform Rain & Drizzle HIGH 0° to -20°C 0° to -15°C 0 °C & below (32° to -4°F) (32° to 5°F) (32°F & below) MED -20° to -40°C -15° to -30°C (-4° to -40°F) (-5° to -22°F) LOW < -40°C < -30°C (< -40°F) (< -22°F) AOPA Aviation Safety Foundation

  18. Vertical Displacement increases Icing AFWA TN 98-002

  19. Icing Severity definitions • Trace – “when the rate of ice accumulation is just slightly • greater than the rate of loss due to sublimation” • Light – “the rate of ice accumulation may create a problem • if the aircraft remains in this environment for one hour • or more” • Moderate – “when the rate of ice accumulation is so great • that even a short encounter can become hazardous” • Severe – “whenever the rate of ice accumulation is such that • deicing or anti-icing equipment cannot control or reduce • the hazard” University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (COMET)

  20. Droplet Size • Cloud droplets – usually 40 microns or less • Supercooled liquid droplets (SLD) are • 40 – 200 microns; MOST SIGNIFICANT to • Aircraft Icing - SLD most often includes freezing rain & drizzle University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (COMET) Fotosearch.com

  21. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

  22. Type of aircraft US Army Corps of Engineers; Wikipedia

  23. Type of Icing Temperature Type 32° to 18°F Clear 18°F to 15°F Mixed Less than 15°F Rime AFWA TN 98-002

  24. TAFS NWS TAF: CCCC TAF 011818 18020G28KT P6SM SCT030 BKN120 TEMPO 1822 BKN020 FM0400 16015KT P6SM BKN030 PROB30 0308 TSRA BKN030CB USAF TAF: CCCC TAF 011616 03008KT 0800 PRFG FEW000 BKN005 BKN012 WS015/12035KT QNH3001INS FG FEW002 TEMPO 1820 14012G18KT 3200 -SN BLSN FEW002 OVC006 620065 SN FEW000 BECMG 2324 15012G20KT 3200 -SN BLSN FEW002 OVC004 620046 QNH2983INS TM01/19Z TM04/11Z NWS Instruction 10-813 / AFMAN 15-124

  25. Reading the icing group 620065 6 The first digit – icing group 2 The second digit – type of icing 006 The third, fourth & fifth digits – height of icing 5 The last digit – thickness of icing AFMAN 15-124

  26. http://adds.aviationweahter.noaa.gov/icing

  27. http://adds.aviationweahter.noaa.gov/icing

  28. http://adds.aviationweahter.noaa.gov/icing Pireps

  29. Altitude Schultz-Politovich PIREP study - University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (COMET)

  30. Research • Supercooled • large droplet - Heat transfer • Anti-icing • protection http://www.niar.wichita.edu/researchlabs/

  31. Technology improvements More advanced RADARs are being tested by National Center for Atmospheric Research www.ucar.edu/communications

  32. Where you can learn more The Comet program http://www.meted.ucar.edu/ AOPA Air Safety Foundation http://www.aopa.org/asf/

  33. Aircraft Icing Thank you for your time! Questions??? Sources were cited on each slide

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