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Interactive Computing Systems: Enhancing User Experience Globally

Discover the world of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) in this comprehensive overview course. Explore topics such as user-centered development, human perception, and memory, content and visual organization, and more. Gain insights into the history of HCI and its implications for design in today's digital age. Learn about the importance of accessibility, color and multimedia issues, and globalization in creating user-friendly interfaces. Explore the evolution of HCI, from its roots in software engineering to modern interdisciplinary approaches. Enhance your understanding of human capabilities and cognitive science, and learn practical design strategies for improving user experience.

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Interactive Computing Systems: Enhancing User Experience Globally

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  1. Human-Computer Interaction CS100: The World of Computing John Dougherty Haverford College

  2. Overview of HCI • HCI and user-centered development • Human perception and memory • Content and visual organization • Navigation • Color and multimedia issues • Accessibility • Globalization [lecture based on McCraken & Wolfe, 2002]

  3. Definitions of HCI “A discipline concerned with the design, evaluation, and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomenon surrounding them.” [SIGCHI, 1992] “HCI is the study and the practice of usability.” [Carroll, 2002]

  4. Goals of HCI • Safety - of users, of data • Utility - services are provided • Effectiveness - easy to find and use services • Efficiency - how quickly users can work • Usability - ease of learning and use • Appeal - how well user like the interface • from first impression to long-term satisfaction

  5. Brief History of HCI • Human Factors in Computer Systems [1982] • Grew out of • Software engineering • Software psychology and human factors • Graphics and user interfaces • Cognitive science (e.g., GOMS: goals, operators, methods and selection [1983])

  6. User-Centered Development • Distinct from traditional SW development • User-centric: user over data, user as part of design team • Interdisciplinary: art, psychology, technical writing, computer science, cognitive science • Highly iterative: design, implement, test, learn, redesign, …

  7. Human Capabilities and HCI • Senses and perception • What we see and what we recall (meaning) • Memory • Sensory, long-term, short-term • Chunking • Recognition vs. recall • Interruptions • Mental models and metaphors • Perceived affordance

  8. Implications for HCI Design • Lessen memory burden of user • Use recognition, chunk information • Provide visual cues/memory aids to help resume interrupted tasks • Provide feedback • Input received • Approximate time to process • Incremental metaphor and completion/failure

  9. Content Organization • Exact schemes • alphabetical, chronological, geographical • Ambiguous schemes • Topical, task-oriented, audience-specific • Metaphor-driven, hybrid • Structures • Linear, hierarchy, database, hyperlink

  10. Visual Organization • Proximity - spatially close items are perceived as related • Alignment - outline to express organization • Consistency - across pages in a site, as well as within a page (buttons, font) • Contrast - distinguish different items, and use size, color; make it visually-clear

  11. Navigation Issues • Site-level • Hierarchy vs. hyperlink • Build context where possible • Navigation bars, menus • Page-level • Links with a page • Frames

  12. Issues of Color • Physics and perception • Models of color • RYB: primary colors • RGB: additive color • CMYK: subtractive color • HSB: hue, saturation and brightness • Issues of color harmony • Color to organize content

  13. Multimedia • Audio - music, speech, sound • Formats: .wav, .au, .aiff, mid, .mp3, .ra • Video - impractical for most browsers • Animation - graphics over time • Video format • Vector format • Program/Script (Java, JavaScript) • 3D animation soon ???

  14. Accessibility/Universal Design • Universal design works for more people • Some US statistics (2002): • 8 million blind/visually impaired • 20 million deaf/hearing impaired • 250 thousand with spinal cord injuries • 500 thousand with cerebral palsey • 333 thousand with multiple sclerosis • 34.8 million seniors (≥65) now, near 54 million by 2020, and 50% impaired

  15. Vision Issues • Blindness • Text to speech, HTML table markup • Low vision • Text enlargers, screen magnifiers • Color blindness • Avoid red/green confusion, contrast brightness • Photosensitive epilepsy • Avoid flashing text, animation

  16. Mobility Issues • Assistive technology • Sticky Keys • predictive typing • larger physical interface devices • speech recognition • Alternative pointing devices • Eye-gaze, head wand, mouth stick, temporal select • For web, ensure keyboard-only navigation

  17. Hearing Impairment Issues • Captioned audio (open, closed) • Web options • SMIL (W3C) • QuickTime (Apple) • SAMI (Microsoft) • American Sign Language (ASL) • Video, avatar

  18. Globalization • Internationalization • Identify cultural items • Localization • Add cultural items to provide context • Translation • Personalization vs. privacy

  19. Concluding Remarks on HCI • Important & emerging • Interdisciplinary, add .. • AI, media, networking • Promote effective leveraging of computing for people • Computer should adapt to people

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