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This lecture explores the northern and southern skies, distances traveled by Voyager and Starshot missions, cryovolcanism on Mars and Enceladus, and the Arecibo message. It also discusses the Viking 1+2 experiments and the moons of Jupiter and Saturn.
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ASTR/GEOL-2040: Search for life in the Universe: Lecture 18 • Northern/southern skies • Distances traveled • Mars, Enceladus, volcanos • Cryovolcanism Axel Brandenburg & Nick Conant (Office hours: Mondays 2:30 – 3:30 in X590 and Wednesdays 11-12 in D230)
Distances traveled by Voyager • ~ 1 AU • ~ 10 AU • ~100 AU • ~1000 AU • ~10,000 AU
Starshot Distances traveled by Voyager • ~ 1 AU • ~ 10 AU • ~100 AU • ~1000 AU • ~10,000 AU Yuri Milner pays the bill -60o declination
Distance traveled by Voyager • ~ 1 AU • ~ 10 AU • ~100 AU • ~1000 AU • ~10,000 AU Earth – Sun distance = 1 AU 1 ly = 60,000 AU
Distance traveled by Voyager Launch 1977 • ~ 1 AU • ~ 10 AU • ~100 AU • ~1000 AU • ~10,000 AU Saturn flyby 1980 Now 140 AU Earth – Sun distance = 1 AU 1 ly = 60,000 AU
Arecibo message • Easy decoding? • Sending back our own TV transmissions? • Image 1679 = 23 x 73 • 1974 Arecibo message
M13 Arecibo message • Numbers 1 – 10 • Atomic numbers
Viking 1+2 experiments (1976) • Pyrolytic release (PR) experiment • Test carbon fixation (soil+water) • Gas exchange experiment (GXE) • Metabolic gas production • Soil+water vapor+org e.g., O2 • Label release (LR) experiment (?false pos) • Metabolic activity with supplied organics • Soil+moist+14C org 14C gas CO2
Viking 1+2 experiments (1976) • Pyrolytic release (PR) experiment • Test carbon fixation (soil+water) • Gas exchange experiment (GXE) • Metabolic gas production • Soil+water vapor+org e.g., O2 • Label release (LR) experiment (?false pos) • Metabolic activity with supplied organics • Soil+moist+14C org 14C gas CO2
Cryovolcanism • Discovered by Huygens (1629 – 1695) Supervolcanoes at Fiske: November 5
Analogies • xx
Historical background • Discovered by Huygens (1629 – 1695)
Analogies: which one is wrong? • Iron core (terrestrial) = rocky core (icy) • Silicate mantle (terr) = liquid water • Rocky crust (terr) = water ice • Lava (terr) = slush ice • CO2 (terr) = SO2 (icy)
Analogies • xx
Midterm on Friday • see sample+solutions • includes Quiz 1 topics! • and everything we had so far