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Circulation System

Circulation System. Mud begins in the pump Pumped up through the top of the well into the drill bit. At the bottom of the well the fluid is turned around and flows back up outside the drill bit. A system of filters clears the mud of impurities.

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Circulation System

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  1. Circulation System

  2. Mud begins in the pump Pumped up through the top of the well into the drill bit. At the bottom of the well the fluid is turned around and flows back up outside the drill bit. A system of filters clears the mud of impurities. Mud is stored in the mud tank until it gets pulled into the pump. Basics of Circulation

  3. Overview http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-pUULRzKdw

  4. Heart of the system Smooth operation (minimal bursts or lags in fluid) Designed to be simple, easy to maintain, and operate High pressure Varying flow rates Can be linked up with multiple pumps to increase flow rate or pressure If failure occurs can cause blow outs, explosions, etc. Due to the nature of the accidents, there are generally multiple pumps on any job. Mud Pumps

  5. Shown is a common piston pump (layout for the pump on the previous slide) Tank for the mud to go into when the pump is on the push stroke Flow check valves that prevent the fluid from flowing backwards. Dampening element designed to balance flow rate. A seal that converts the mechanical force of the piston to the fluid. Piston Shaft for the engine to turn. 3 2 6 5 1 4 2 How it works

  6. Displacement Calculated in Liters per Minute The larger the diameter of the hole and the faster it is drilled the greater amount of cuttings to remove. More cuttings requires more mud and more displacement from the pump. Typical drilling speed is .4 meter per minute to 1 meter per minute Pressure Pressure varies upon multiple things Larger diameter holes require more pressure to maintain. Deeper holes require more pressure to retrieve cuttings. Different formations require different fluid characteristics and different pressures. Pump Parameters

  7. Standpipe runs up the length of the rig to the Rotary hose The rotary hose (also known as a Kelly hose) is a flexible steel reinforced hole that transmits the mud from the standpipe to the drill pipe. Stand Pipe&Rotary Hose

  8. Once the mud travels down the drill pipe it exits the drill pipe and is forced to turn around The mud travels back up to the surface through a space between the drill string and the borehole wall This space between the drill string and the borehole is referred to as the Annulus When the mud traveling up the Annulus is when the fluid characteristics and mud do the most work. Annulus

  9. Mud remove the cuttings Cuttings must be removed from the well to prevent the bit from locking up Heavy cuttings require a denser mud to push the cuttings up the hole Mud preserves the cuttings The mud preserves the chemical composition of the cuttings The chemical compositions are critical for mud engineers to analyze and determine what to add to the well Mud suspends the cuttings During maintenance of the bit or when extending the drill pipe, the mud prevents the cuttings from falling back down the well. Mud and Cuttings

  10. Mud transmit power Hydraulic power for the rotation of the drill bit is transmitted through the mud pumps Power for the equipment is generated through the mud pumps Mud Lubricate and Protect Drill Bit Chemicals in the mud help to lubricate the drill bit and prevent corrosion. Failure to lubricate creates air bubbles from the corrosion and the possibility of explosions. Mud provides cooling for the drill bit as it drills through formations. Supports the Drill Bit Buoyancy forces help to lift the drill bit up This removes a portion of the weight off of the drilling structure Mud and Drill Bit

  11. Seals Permeable formations Seals off formations that the driller does not want to penetrate; IE Water sources Creates a thin wall that prevents water from flowing into the well or mud from flowing out Maintains Wellbore Stability Prevents the well from caving in on itself or becoming irregular Large holes are more difficult to stabilize and cause low annular flow rate Controls formation pressures Maintains control of the well, control of fluids moving in and out of wellbore is controlled Minimizes Formation damage When approaching the oil region the mud maintains the porosity and permeability of the well. Mud and Formations

  12. Two plugs are sent down with a cement slurry in-between them. Mud provides the driving force when pushing this cement down the hole. Upon reaching the bottom of the hole the pumps are stopped to allow the cement to dry. Mud and Cement

  13. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fl8L4qSqSqE

  14. First part of filtration/mud preparation system Used to remove large soids and cuttingsfrom the mud Failure of shale shaker can cause backup in the system system or large solids to get by and damage other components in the system Shale Shaker

  15. “Dirty” Mud is loaded into Hopper (Back Tank) Feeds down across the Screening Surface Vibrations separate the Fine Solids and liquids from the Coarse Solids Large particles get dumped into the Collection Pan Liquid Mud and Finer Solids drop down below and continue on How it works

  16. Used to remove gases from the system Failure to remove gasses causes pumps to fail early (best case) or blow outs and human causalities (not best case) Degasser

  17. “Gassed” mud flows into the Degasser Baffles in the Degasser create a negative pressure Negative pressure in the system pulls gasses out Degassed mud flows out Gas is released into the atmosphere or burned off How it works

  18. Similar in design Desander removes medium sized particles (45~74μm) Desilter removes small sized particles (15~44μm) Generally positioned seccond to last in the solid control system Desander/Desilter

  19. “Dirty” mud enters the cyclone chamber Centripetal force pushes the solids down the cyclone chamber out to the screen box Clean mud is pushed up the cyclone then continue on Solids are sprayed onto the screen box where they are further separated from any escaped fluids How it works

  20. Functions as a storage unit for the mud Maintains homogenous and evenly mixture throughout the mud Mud Tank

  21. Generally constructed of a steel box Mud agitators use blades to turn the mud inside the tank, preventing the mud from settling Mud guns use a jet style nozzle to help mix the mud when it enters the tank How it works

  22. Overview http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-pUULRzKdw

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