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Classification of Psychiatric Disorders

Introduction:. Most of physical conditions are classified on the basis of etiology, e.g.: viral pneumonia.Or On the basis of structural pathology, e.g.: Bronchopneumonia.Or Based on symptoms, e.g. migraine.Psychiatric disorders are diagnosed based mainly on symptoms. Few are b

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Classification of Psychiatric Disorders

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    1. Classification of Psychiatric Disorders Dr. Khalid Bazaid, MB BS, FRCPC Assistant Professor & Consultant Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist College of Medicine King Saud University

    2. Introduction: Most of physical conditions are classified on the basis of etiology, e.g.: viral pneumonia. Or On the basis of structural pathology, e.g.: Bronchopneumonia. Or Based on symptoms, e.g. migraine. Psychiatric disorders are diagnosed based mainly on symptoms. Few are based on etiology e.g. Alzheimer’s disease.

    3. Purposes of Classification: To make generally acceptable diagnosis. To facilitate communication between psychiatrists, other doctors and professionals. To make generalizations in treatment response, course & prognosis of individual patients. To make framework for research in psychiatry.

    4. Types of Classification Categorical Classification: - Grouping disorders into separate entities according to symptom – pattern, course and outcome. - It includes hierarchal categories. e.g.: Organic mental disorders then functional psychotic disorders (e.g. Schizophrenia) then neurotic disorder (e.g. generalized anxiety disorder) then personality disorders. - Also it includes in-built hierarchy of significance within the disorders themselves. e.g.: Anxiety symptoms occur commonly with depressive disorder.

    5. 2. Dimensional Classification: - Diagnosing individual patients by giving scores on separate dimensions. e.g. Psychoticism, neuroticism, introversion and extroversion

    6. 3. Multiaxial Approach: Applied to schemes of classifications in which two or more separate sets of information are coded e.g. DSM, ICD

    7. CLASSIFICATION

    9. Neurosis and Psychosis Psychosis: - unsatisfactory term - refers broadly to severe forms of mental disorders such as: a. organic mental diseases b. schizophrenia c. affective disorders Characteristics: - greater severity - lack of insight - patient’s inability to distinguish between subjective experience and reality e.g. hallucinations, delusions.

    10. Neurosis and Psychosis Neurosis: unsatisfactory term. Refers to mental disorders that are generally less severe than psychosis. Characteristics: - Symptoms are closer to normal experience e.g. anxiety.

    12. NEGATIVE FEATURES Poverty of thoughts & speech. Lack of ambition interest & initiation. Restricted affect. Self-neglect. Poor self care & hygiene

    13. Features Suggesting of Organic Mental Illness: Disturbed consciousness. Disturbed cognitive functions: a. Attention and concentration b. Orientation: time, place & person c. Memory : immediate, recent and remote Presence of physical illness e.g. DM, HTN Presence of neurological features e.g. dysarthria & ataxia. Old age onset.

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