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Classification of Mental Disorders

Classification of Mental Disorders . Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D. Why classify mental disorders?. To describe & communicate symptoms. You can known information about the disorder. Predict treatments. Formulate theories == research. Impact social policy. History of Classification. Kraepelin.

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Classification of Mental Disorders

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  1. Classification of Mental Disorders Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.

  2. Why classify mental disorders? • To describe & communicate symptoms. • You can known information about the disorder. • Predict treatments. • Formulate theories == research. • Impact social policy.

  3. History of Classification • Kraepelin. • Dementia Praecox == schizophrenia • Manic-depression insanity. • ICD-9; DSM-I; DSM-II • Medicine == International classification of diseases and related health problems • Jacques Bertillon = causes of death • ICD • WWII

  4. DSM • Issues = American Psychiatry • The Diagnostic Project • Stengl

  5. Criticisms of psychiatric classification • 1950s and 1960s – reliabiliy issues • Masserman & Carmichael (1938) • Ash (1949) • Beck (1962)

  6. The Antipsychiatry Movement • Szasz (1961) • Rosenhan (1973) • Neo-Kraepelinians (1970s)

  7. DSM-III (1980) • Categorized patient on 5 dimensions • I symptom picture • II personality style • III medical disorder • IV environmental stressors • V role impairment

  8. Vocabulary • Etiology • Pathogenesis • Vulnerability • Risk Factor

  9. Variables that impact psychopathology • Case histories • Clinical observation • Experimental research • Problem? • Ecology of development. • Structures within a society.

  10. Biophysical Influence on Development • What influences personality? • Defects • Lesions • Neurotransmitter profile • Genetics • Stress? • Evolutionary theory

  11. Genetics • Nature versus nurture controversy • Genetic factors • Phenocopies – a condition or characteristic usually genetic in origin that is simulated by environmental factors. • Example: Schizoid personality. • More on genetics.

  12. Genetics & Behaviorists • Example: Schizotypal personality. • Temperment seen in children. • Behaviorists view • Classical conditioning & operant conditioning • Modeling • Generalization and discrimination • Extinction of adaptive behaviors • Insufficient learning

  13. Interpersonal development • Attachment • Development of interpersonal autonomy • Self-image • The role of parents • Parenting styles • Sociocultural influences in development • Achievement and competition

  14. Research Strategies for studying psychopathology • Why can’t we just use our clinical experience? • Research designs • Example: Schofield & Balian (1959) • Case study methodology. • Issues with cause & effect in psychopathology research. • Meehl (1977) • Gottesman (1991)

  15. Research Strategies • Experimental vs. Quasi-experimental designs • Cause-and-effect • Experiments of nature • Wood, Bootzin, Rosenhan, Nolan-Hoeksema, & Jourden (1992) • Analogue experiments • Animal models of psychopathology • Ethical issues • Single-subject experimental designs • A-B-A-B or reversal design • Epidemiological studies • Demonstrating a genetic influence • Sampling • Behavior-Genetic Paradigms • Family Studies • Twin Study Paradigm • Adoption Study Paradigm

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