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1. PollinationMethods Susan Martin
7th grade Science
2. Pollination Transfer of pollen grains (male-sperm) to the female part (stigma) of a seed plant by agents such as gravity, water, wind, and animals
3. Some flowers are JUST male OR female The Alder is monoecious. Shown here: maturing male flower catkins on right, last year's female catkins on left
(top right) male flower enlarged, showing stamens with pollen and reduced, sterile stigma; (below) shoot with flowers from female plant; (lower right) female flower enlarged, showing stigma and reduced, sterile stamens with no pollen
5. Function of a Flower To attract pollinators by colorful petals, scent, nectar, markings and pollen
6. Pollination Methods- 1. Wind/Gravity angiosperms& gymnosperms
No bright colors, special odors, or nectar
Most have no petals so Stamens and stigmas exposed to air
Large amount of pollen
lightweight, easily airborne
Usually trees & grasses
7. 2. water Pollen floats on the water’s surface drifting until it contacts flowers
Very rare, waterweeds and pondweeds
8. 3. Animals A. Insects
Bee- usually yellows or blues, have nectar and/or pollen
Butterfly: usually pinks or purples, scented, may have landing area, lots of nectar with little pollen, nectar guides & long tubes for butterfly tongues
9. Animals cont. Insects continued
Moths: usually white, blooms at night, strong sweet scents
Beetles: may be spicy, fruity, or smell like decay
Fly: Can have nectar or pollen, or smell like decay
10. Animals cont. B. Birds- greatest nectar specialization, odorless, red or orange flowers, long tubes for hummingbirds
C. Bats: large, white, strong odor, open at night, offer nectar
11. Resources http://www.life.umd.edu/CBMG/faculty/Moctezuma/BSCI124/Lectures/PPT/Lec13_Pollination.ppt
http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/bees.shtml
http://www.pdphoto.org/PictureHome.php