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Warm Up #8

Warm Up #8. The Giant Panda, which lives in China and eats only bamboo, is on the verge of extinction due to a variety of factors. How are humans contributing to the Panda’s extinction? How are other animals contributing to the Panda’s extinction?

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Warm Up #8

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  1. Warm Up #8 The Giant Panda, which lives in China and eats only bamboo, is on the verge of extinction due to a variety of factors. • How are humans contributing to the Panda’s extinction? • How are other animals contributing to the Panda’s extinction? • How is the Panda contributing to its own extinction?

  2. Animal Populations

  3. Laying the Land • Niche – conditions a species needs in order to survive and reproduce in an ecosystem • Conditions = physical (temperature) and chemical (salinity, acidity) • IMPORTANT to study: • Human impact effects • Species interaction • Extinction rates

  4. The Lockett Niche In our class, 34 desks • Fundamental Niche – full range of resources and conditions a species can use • You can sit at ANY desk • Realized Niche – the part of the fundamental niche a species TENDS to occupy • The desk you normally sit at • Why? Competition for resources

  5. Why the Panda is killing itself • Generalist species – can survive in a large variety of niches (flies, cockroaches, mice, etc) • Specialist species – can only survive in a very particular niche/environment (Panda) • Less tolerant = less likely you are to survive

  6. The Grossness of the Cockroach • Literally eats anything (including electrical cords and glue) • Can breed anywhere (except polar regions) • 1 cockroach  10 million babies in one year. • One species can survive frozen for 48 hours • Can survive nuclear bomb

  7. Other threats to the Cuteness • Non-Native Species – species introduced to a niche by humans • Competition for resources (food, light, shelter, etc) • Non-Native species usually more Generalist (can tolerate more) • WHAT’S A PANDA TO DO??

  8. Quick Quiz #4 In a hypothetical world where all things are possible, you are now a cute Panda and want to survive: • You are an extreme specialist species, how would you change that? • If a non-native species came into your niche, how would you adapt?

  9. Adaptation to a Competitor

  10. Adaptation Strategy Plan A Scenario: Non-native species thrive in cold and moderate temperatures • Directional Selection – reproductive rates better on one side of curve than other Solution: You learn to love the heat

  11. Adaptation Strategy Plan B Scenario: Non-native species loves either really hot or really cold climates • Stabilizing Selection – highest reproduction = center of curve Solution: You, as a cute panda, adapt to living in moderate climates

  12. Adaptation Plan C Scenario: Non-native species thrives in moderate temperatures • Disruptive Selection – high reproduction at BOTH extremes Solution: You either get a jacket or embrace sweating

  13. Warm Up #5 Scenario: You are officially a honey-badger…and you just don’t care. Use your prior knowledge of how bad-ass the honey-badger is to answer the following questions: • Would you classify the honey-badger as a specialist species or a generalist species? Why would you say this? • If the honey-badger was a non-native species, would any other species stand a chance? Why? • Say you try to stand against the honey-badger’s awesomeness. You discover the honey-badger only eats small and medium sized larva. Show, on a bell curve, how you would adapt, showing the type of selection as well.

  14. Avoiding Competition

  15. Review…with some new • Directional – shifting toward ONE extreme • Stabilizing – shifting toward the MIDDLE • Disruptive – shifting toward BOTH extremes This is character displacement – physical/behavioral changes for more stuff

  16. Competition is Drama To avoid drama… • Resource Partitioning – dividing resources amongst competing species • Use at different times, different ways, different places Example: Diurnal vs. Nocturnal animals (hawks vs. owls) “I WANT TO WATCH FOOTBALL” “I WANT TO WATCH DESPERATE HOUSEWIVES!!”

  17. More Cowardly Avoidance (but also kind of BA) • Camouflage – resembling the abiotic factors around it • Chemical warfare – using poisonous/odorous chemicals • Coloration – certain colors = danger • Mimicking – Looking like something more dangerous

  18. Predator-Prey Relationship Negative Feedback Loop • Predators kill prey (obviously) • More prey die = less food for predators • Predators die (less food) • Prey start to repopulate, cycle repeats

  19. A Predator-Prey Fad Diet • Parasitism – one species (parasite) gets nourishment by living on another species (host) • Smaller than host, weakens host, rarely kills it • Ex. Virus • Tapeworm Diet – ingest tapeworm, eats contents of stomach (along with actual stomach)

  20. Symbiotic Relationships [less gross] Symbiotic Relationship – interaction between two species Mutualism – both species benefit (+, +) • Normally 1 species is protected, the other gets food Commensalism – one species benefits, the other is unaffected (+, 0) • Shark (0) and Pilot Fish (+)

  21. Quick Quiz # 3 • Describe what resource partitioning is, and give a real life example. • How is mimicking an effective way to avoid being eaten? • Why do you think a parasite rarely kills its host?

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