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Phosphorus Index Based Management

Phosphorus Index Based Management. Douglas Beegle Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Penn State University dbb@psu.edu http://panutrientmgmt.cas.psu.edu. SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/ MidAtlantic /2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle. ppt ‎. Animals. Feed. Crops. Soil. P 2 O 5. P 2 O 5.

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Phosphorus Index Based Management

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  1. Phosphorus Index Based Management Douglas Beegle Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Penn State University dbb@psu.edu http://panutrientmgmt.cas.psu.edu SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  2. Animals Feed Crops Soil P2O5 P2O5 K2O K2O Why do we need a P Index?Why not just agronomic recommendations? ¼ Nitrogen Based Corn/Dairy Manure Nutrient flows in modern ag ¾ ? N P Index Manure P Index Phosphorus Based Corn/Dairy Manure Eutrophication Regional P Balance N Field P Balance SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  3. Indeks P Critical Source Area Management • Overlap of Source & Transport Indicators • Identify and manage the critical source areas • Evaluasirisikolingkungan • Target danSumberdaya Critical Source Area Source Transport SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  4. N P K MengelolaPencemaran Phosphorus Transport Sources Runoff Erosion Leaching Tile flow Subsurface flow Water Body Hydrology SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  5. 2.4 1.6 0.8 0 400 600 800 200 0 Uji Tanah vs. Kehilangan P P loss, lb P2O5/A P Threshold Crop P Optimum No recent P inputs R2=0.80 Mehlich-3 soil P, mg/kg Sharpley, USDA-ARS SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  6. 2.4 1.6 0.8 0 400 600 800 200 0 Uji Tanah vs. Kehilangan P (denganpupuk P) For all data points R2=0.40 P loss, lb P2O5/A 75 kg P/ha TSP 112 kg P/ha swine slurry 150 kg P/ha poultry manure Soil Only R2=0.80 Mehlich-3 soil P, mg/kg Sharpley, USDA-ARS SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  7. Indeks P • P Source Site Characteristics • Environmental Soil Test P • Same soil test different interpretation • Sampling Questions? • P Saturation? • P Fertilizer • Rate and Appl. Method • Organic P • Rate and Appl. Method • P Source Coefficient (PSC) • Direct availability of manure P to runoff • Based on WEP in manure SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  8. 6 - 4 Total P mg/L Conventional till wheat - 2 Converted to no-till 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 Erosion reduced 95% Sharpley, USDA-ARS Transport P olehErosi-Tanah SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  9. Zone Interaksidengan Runoff Mehlich 1 P (mg/kg) • Location of applied P • Interaction with runoff • P on surface • Soil test at surface • High P Saturation at surface Psat = P / Al + FeOxalate extr. or Mehlich 3 extr. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 20 40 Depth (cm) Zone of interaction with runoff Plow depth 60 80 Data from Mozaffari and Sims, 1994 100 SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  10. 1980 1985 1990 1995 Transpor P-larutdalam Runoff 1.0 Algal-available P, mg/L Converted to no-till 0.5 0 Conventional till wheat Sharpley, USDA-ARS SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  11. Kehilangan P Larutolehaliranbawahpermukaan Kehilangan P inisangattergantungpadasifat-sifattanah: • Hidrologi • Piston flow • Macro pores • Teksturtanah • Kimia tanah(Fe, Al, Ca) • P loading/saturation • Drainage Buatan. Data from: Bolton et al., 1970 Culley and Bolton, 1983 SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  12. N P K Kehilangan P merupakanproses “Landscape” ygkompleks Transport Sources Runoff Erosion Leaching Tile flow Subsurface flow Water Body Hydrology SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  13. Indeks P = Phosphorus Index P Transport Site Characteristics • Erosi Tanah • Kelas Runoff • Potential Pencucian • Drainage bawah-permukaan • Contributing Distance • Modified Connectivity SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  14. PA Phosphorus Index v 2.0 SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  15. 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 100 150 200 50 0 Indeks P mendeskripsikanPotensialkehilanganP High Low Medium Very high P loss, kg/ha 75 kg P/ha TSP 112 kg P/ha swine slurry 150 kg P/ha poultry manure R2=0.79 P index value for the site Sharpley, USDA-ARS SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  16. Indeks P = Phosphorus Index • Low P Index • N Based Management • Medium P Index • N Based Management • High P Index* • P Based: Crop removal • Very High P Index* • No P: Manure or Fertilizer • High and Very High* • Modify Management based on P • No or reduced manure • Change time or method of application • Conservation practices • Buffers • Etc. SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  17. P2O5 P2O5 K2O K2O RencanaManajemen Hara P • Develop N based plan • Usually means excess P will be applied • Use P Index to evaluate the N based plan • Is the risk of P loss acceptable • Acceptable risk • Apply @ N rate, excess P • Unacceptable Risk • Modify N based plan, where necessary, to address P loss risk Nitrogen Based Corn/Dairy Manure or N Phosphorus Based Corn/Dairy Manure or N NONE SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  18. AplikasiIndeks P • Eventually, all fields will have a high P index • P Index is not the solution • Tool to buy time to solve problem • Minimizes negative impact of P while we come up with a sustainable solution • We need to get the system into better balance SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

  19. NRCS/EPA P Index Issues • Proposed change in NRCS 590 Std. • P soil test only – No more P Index • Easy to regulate • Very strict limits • Not supported by the science - Source/Transport • Unrealistic for animal agriculture to comply with in short term • Better soil P balance is a good long term goal • Withdrawn, under further review SUMBER: aesl.ces.uga.edu/MidAtlantic/2010/P%20Index-%20Doug%20Beegle.ppt‎

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