EMC Compliance Overview Steve Koster

1. EMC Compliance OverviewSteve Koster http://www.wll.com

2. EMC • EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility • The ability to operate in the intended environment without performance degradation • The ability to operate in the intended environment without interfering with operation of other equipment/systems http://www.wll.com

3. EMC Compliance - US • FCC • US commercial • Applies to • Unintentional emitters • RF transmitters • Regulates emissions (not immunity) • CFR 47, Part 15 • ITE/Digital Devices (CIPSR 22 satisfies requirements) • Receivers • Unlicensed transmitters • CFR47, Parts ---- • Specific parts for designated applications • Part 22 - Cellular devices • Part 90 - Licensed private land mobile radio • Others (Television, Satellite, Education, Amateur, etc.) • FCC OET Bulletin 65, Supplement C • RF Exposure Levels to Humans • ACTA – Administrative Council for Terminal Attachments • Telecommunications – Part 68 http://www.wll.com

4. EMC Compliance - Canada • Industry Canada • Formally Dept. of Communications • ICES-003 – unintentional emitters (US Part 15 harmonized) • CS03 – telecommunications products • RSS-210 – non-licensed RF products • RSS-119 – Land Mobile and Fixed Radio http://www.wll.com

5. PERSONAL COMPUTERS & PERIPHERALS, RADIO RECEIVERS • Method #1Test at Approved Laboratory Declaration of Conformity. Does not go to the FCC Test Product at approved Laboratory Report with Technical Information Declaration of Conformity Sell Product DOC http://www.wll.com

6. Exempted Devices • CFR Part 15.103 • Digital device used exclusively in motor vehicle • Digital device used for power system or control by a public utility on utility property • Digital device used exclusively as industrial, commercial or medical test equipment • Digital device used exclusively as an appliance • Specialized medical device (generally used under direction of medical professional) • Device with power consumption not exceeding 6nW • Analog devices used with digital devices (e.g. mouse without digital circuitry) • Digital devices with highest used frequency not exceeding 1.705MHz and do not connect to mains power http://www.wll.com

7. RADIO TRANSMITTERS • Examples Cordless Phones, Radio Transmitters, CB Radios, Wireless Products CERTIFICATION: Report with Technical Information Send Report and Application to FCC or TCB Test Product FCC GRANT with FCC ID Number FCC Grant Sell Product http://www.wll.com

8. North American Telecommunications • US: ACTA • Canada: Industry Canada CS03 Canada and US Share Harmonized Technical Requirements • Objective: • Designed to protect network from harm posed by connected equipment • General Requirements: • Analog: Balance, signal power, impedance, isolation surge survivability • Digital: Balance, signal power, signal masks, isolation http://www.wll.com

9. BELLCORE (TELCORDIA) • BELLCORE is laboratory/standards body set up to serve Bell Operating Companies (Each Bell Company may have their own additional requirements) • Objective is to standardize technical requirements to facilitate acceptance and compatibility of equipment • Principal Equipment Standards: • BELLCORE GR-1089: EMC & Safety • Based largely on international and national standards (i.e., FCC, UL) • Defines Equipment Type based on connection to the telecommunications network and the intended location of the equipment. • Some tests interchangeable with FCC and CE tests. • BELLCORE GR-63 (“NEBS”): Environmental • BELLCORE GR-78: Requirements for Physical Design and Manufacture of Equipment http://www.wll.com

10. EPRI Requirements • Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) • US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 1.180 currently in use • Provides for dual path of compliance testing • MIL-STD-461, previously used by EPRI TR-102323 • IEC 61000 series of EMI/RFI test methods • Both approaches impose more stringent requirements than commercial specifications and call out stringent test methods and limits http://www.wll.com

11. EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS http://www.wll.com

12. OVERVIEW OF EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS • Terms • Directives • Comparison with US standards • Options for Conformity • Technical Requirements • Use of the CE Mark http://www.wll.com

13. TERMS & DEFINITIONS • European Directive • Legal Document adopted by EC Council of Ministers • Must be adopted into National Law by each EC member state • Does not call out technical standards; refers to private standards-making bodies to draw up product standards • European Norm (EN) • Harmonized Standard: Common Standard used for determining conformity • Committee process • ENs based on existing standards (CISPR, IEC) • Must be adopted into National Standards by each EC Member state • CENELEC (Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique) • European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization: responsible for generating European Norms • CE: Communaute Europeenne http://www.wll.com

14. TERMS & DEFINITIONS • Competent Body • Review Technical Construction Files and generate Certificates of Conformity • Must demonstrate competence in the area of the Directive • Approved by member state National Authority • Conformity Assessment Bodies (CAB) in US • Notified Body • “Notified” means that the organization has been “officially announced” to the EC and other states by National Authority http://www.wll.com

15. NEW APPROACH DIRECTIVES • Objective: Elimination of Technical Barriers • New Approach calls out Essential Requirements • Technical Details Left to Committees • Harmonization of European Norms (Standards) • CENELEC • Conformity to European Norms demonstrates compliance • Products meeting essential requirements eligible for CE Marking http://www.wll.com

16. Directive Low Voltage (73/23/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Simple Pressure Vessels (87/404/EEC) Amended by 90/488/EEC Toy Safety (88/378/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Construction Products (89/106/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC EMC (89/336/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Repeal 7/20/2007 EMC (2004/108/EC) Machinery (89/392/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Personal Protective Equipment (89/686/EEC) Non-Automatic Weighing Instruments (90/384/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Gas Appliances (90/396/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (91/263/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Hot Water Boilers (92/42/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Medical Devices (93/42/EEC) Satellite Earth Station Equipment (93/97/EEC) Explosive Atmospheres (94/9/EEC) Recreational Craft (94/25/EEC) Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive Mandatory Date: 1/1/97 7/1/92 1/1/97 1/1/97 1/1/96 7/20/09 1/1/95 6/30/95 1/11/02 1/1/95 1/1/96 1/1/97 6/13/98 NONE 6/30/03 6/15/98 4/1/01 EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES http://www.wll.com

17. THE EMC DIRECTIVE • 89/336/EEC: The EMC Directive • Adopted 1989 by Council of the European Communities • Original Implementation 1 January 1992 • Amended by 92/31/EEC • Affects all products to be placed on the Market • Calls out essential “protection requirements” which include emissions as well as susceptibility • Does not call out specifications or standards “New Approach Directive” • Essential Protection Requirements • Allows Self-Certification • ”CE” Marking certifying product’s conformance http://www.wll.com

18. EMC Directive - Changes • Clarification of scope and definitions • Simplification of compliance methods – DoC • Elimination of mandatory NB/CB examinations • Modified DoC supporting location of responsible parties by enforcement • Requirement for unique product identification • Clear treatment of fixed installations and their compliance obligations http://www.wll.com

19. Conformity Assessment • Manufacturer performs an electromagnetic compatibility assessment applying all relevant harmonized standards published in OJ • Manufacturer prepares technical documentation providing evidence of compliance – retains at least 10-years after date of last manufacture • Manufacturer prepares a Declaration of Conformity (DoC) • The “CE” mark may be placed on the equipment http://www.wll.com

20. Non-harmonized/Incomplete Application of Standards • If harmonized standards are not followed or partially followed: • Technical documentation is more complex to justify the DoC describing the steps taken to meet the essential requirements • Review by a Notified Body to obtain an opinion on conformity • NB opinion adds weight in case of a dispute but does not solely authenticate the DoC http://www.wll.com

21. Product Identification • Each apparatus to be identified in terms of type, batch, serial number or other information allowing identification • Each apparatus shall be accompanied with Community contact information • Information must be provided on specific precautions for EMC protection (e.g., installation instructions, shielded cable use, etc.) • Use restrictions for items where residential compliance is not ensured • Information on use for intended purpose included with the apparatus http://www.wll.com

22. Fixed Installations • Special section – Article 13 • Applies to a given fixed installation with the apparatus not commercially available • CE marking and mandatory pre-testing not required • Installation requires application of “good” engineering practices with documentation of EMC precautions incorporated • If EMC problems are indicated, authorities may request evidence of compliance • If non-compliance is established, appropriate measures to attain compliance may be imposed http://www.wll.com

23. CE Marking • Implementation of the CE Marking: • Must be affixed to: • Product • Packaging • Instructions for use, OR • Guarantee certificate • Can be used with other marks providing they do not reduce the visibility and legibility of the mark • The marking may include: • The identification of a notified body involved in assessment http://www.wll.com

24. R&TTE • Covers the following aspects: • Efficient use of spectrum • EMC • Safety http://www.wll.com

25. R&TTE Approval Process • CE Marking by manufacturer is allowed • Self-Declaration for many products • Reduced approval procedures and processes • Harmonized standards developed • Faster, cheaper, more market coverage for Small – Medium Enterprises http://www.wll.com

26. Annexes • Annex I: Things NOT covered • Cables, Receive-only broadcast, Kits, Aviation and Air Traffic, marine • Annex II: Internal Production Control • Basis for all Annexes (good documentation!) • Annex III: Annex II + Testing • Type testing • Annex IV: TCF • Notified Body/CAB (for new technologies) • Annex V: Full QA • Accredited Quality Assurance System http://www.wll.com

27. R&TTE Testing • No longer requires involvement of accredited test house • Test to harmonized standards • DoC • CE Marking • Ship • Non-harmonized frequencies: • Notification to Spectrum Authority • Alert Signal (Equipment Class Identifier) • Restricted Geographical Area http://www.wll.com

28. EMC Test Standards • Product specific test standards establish requirements and typically point to test method standards. Normally include: • Radiated Emissions – CISPR 22 • Conducted Emissions – CISPR 22 • Harmonic Emissions – EN 61000-3-2 • Flicker – EN 61000-3-3 • Electrostatic Discharge – EN 61000-4-2 • Radiated Immunity – EN 61000-4-3 • Electrically Fast Transient Immunity – EN 61000-4-4 • Surge Immunity – EN 61000-4-5 • Conducted Immunity – EN 61000-4-6 • Magnetic Immunity * - EN 61000-4-8 • Voltage dips/interrupts – EN61000-4-11 http://www.wll.com