Page 15 A : Independence word web (Warm-Up)

1. Page 15 A : Independence word web (Warm-Up) • Fill in the chart with in your groups. INDEPENDENCE

2. Independence • Being free • freedom from the control • Self governing • Independent • Liberty • Nationalism • Self-rule

3. WWII & Independence Imagine that you live in a colonized country were you are always being told what you can do and cannot do. WWII just ended and you fought during WWII. When you return from fighting you expect changes in your country (you want to be considered a citizen & represent your country). In contrast, when you return the colonizers are still in control and will not give the colonized citizens freedom. • How would you feel? • Rebel against authorities/fight for freedom • This was how the colonized people felt • They were tiered of being treated terrible after WWII • They pushed for independence & established their own nations.

4. After WWII - Independence

5. The Collapse of Imperialism • Imperialist nations weakened because of WWI & WWII. • Colonized people became educated & literate: • Increased resentment • Considered as “second class citizens” Decolonization: the process of becoming free of colonial status and achieving statehood.

6. Nationalism -Strong devotion to one’s national group or culture. -Sense of national identity among the colonized people. -Colonized people who fought in WWI & WWII, felt the desire to separate themselves from their European colonial powers.

7. The Struggle for Independence • 1947 - 1962 colonies achieved independence and statehood. • Difficult and bitter process • Colonized Continents: • Africa • Asia • Latin America • India (country)

8. Challenges of Independence • Ethnic disputes • Dependent economies • Growing debt • Cultural dependence • Widespread social unrest • Military responses to restore order • Lack of middle class • Education deficit • Resource depletion • Population growth

9. AFRICA

10. Africa was colonized by: • Britain • France • German • Portugal • Spain • Italy *Ethiopia was never colonized. (why? Think about one of the reasons why countries colonized others.) Christianity: Ethiopia was a Christian state that is why it was not colonized.

12. Independence for Africa • Nationalists: an advocate of national independence • ex-servicemen • unemployed & under-employed • educated • Pan-Africanism movement • Movement dedicated to establishing independence for African nations. • cultivated unity among black people throughout the world. Leaders:  • W.E.B. Du Bois • Jomo Kenyatta • Kwame Nkrumah

13. Famous Leaders • Kwame Nkrumah • President of Ghana from 1957-1966 • leading opponent of British Imperialism • 1957: Ghana was the 1st to win independence from Great Britain.

14. Famous Leaders • Jomo Kenyatta • 1st Prime Minister 1963–1964 • President of Kenya 1964–1978 • founding father Kenya

15. Famous Leaders • Nelson Mandela • South African anti-apartheid activist • revolutionary politician • President of South Africa - 1994 to 1999 • 1993 won Nobel Peace Prize

16. Independence for Africa • 1957: The Gold Coast (Ghana) was the 1st to win independence from Great Britain. • 1960: Senegal, Togo, Niger, Gabon, Chad, Mali, the Ivory Coast, Ubangi-Shari (which became the Central African Republic), Congo Republic (France). • 1960: Nigeria - (Great Britain) • 1962: Uganda • 1962: Burundi and Rwanda – (Belgium)

18. Compare & Contrast