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P E STLE ANALYSIS ARMENIA

Explore the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental factors in Armenia related to SEN/D awareness campaign.

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P E STLE ANALYSIS ARMENIA

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  1. PESTLE ANALYSIS ARMENIA Team: Arevik Ohanyan, Zaruhi Harutyunyan,Lusine Grigoryan, Lilit Simonyan,Lilit Karapetyan

  2. DEFINITION PoliticalE conomicS ocialT echnologicalL egalE nvironmental

  3. Goal: Presentation of PESTLE Analysis to facilitate the SEN/D National Awareness Campaign in Armenia. • Objectives: • To identify opportunities and barriers that can help to organize the Campaign. • To mobilize human resources and technologies for this reason. • To disseminate awareness rising information about SEN/D through available technologies.

  4. Political • Laws about equality, education, inclusion (Constitution) • All people have the same rights before the law without any discrimination, including disabled people (chapter 2, article 14) • Everyone has the right of education (chapter 2, article 39) www.edu.am

  5. Political • The main priorities of the Government for 2007-2012 • Sustainable development assurance through national security and active economic policy • Reforms in state management • Development of education and science • Territorial equal development • Social security assurance www.gov.am

  6. Political • The main priorities of the Government Programmefor 2013-2017 • Increase of economic competitiveness • Development of human resources (provision opportunities of education for all SEN/D children) • Development of institutional capacity • www.gov.am

  7. Political • All mainstream schools in a few years will become inclusive • Change of SEN/D assessment instruments according to ICF • Change of the basis for recognizing a person disabled • Adoption of international laws about the rights of people with SEN/D

  8. Political • State intervention in SEN/D issues • All interventions are covered by state costs • People with disabilities are provided with prosthesis, wheel-chairs, audio apparatus, visual sets, special books, etc., treatment, implementation of programmes promoting and increasing activity and participation of SEN/D • People with disabilities get pension from state according to the level of their disabilities Report “About Rights of people with disabilities” on UN Convention implementation, 2012

  9. Political Policy of taxation Income Tax • up to AMD 120000- 24,4% , • from AMD 120000-2mln- 120000- 24,4 %, < 26%, • from 2mln.1 and above- 120000- 24,4 %, • 120000- 2mln- 26%, • 2mln.1 < 36% Profit Tax - 20% Value Added Tax (VAT) - 20%, some foreign funds are exempted of VAT Turnover Tax - less than AMD58.35mln • trade and production- 3% • renting- 10% • others- 5% www.taxservice.am

  10. Economic Average de jure:  2012 Population : 3 031 200 Urban: 1919 000 Rural: 1112200 Source: armstat.am

  11. Economic Gross Domestic Product at market prices in 2012 3981506.5 (mln. Drams) Foreign Exchange Rates 2013 January 1 Euro = 542.0 AMD working age population 2011 2286300 persons Real wages in 2012  118267 AMD Average monthly nominal wages 2012 121342 AMD Unemployment rate in 2011 18.4 % 

  12. Economic Number of: Source: armstat.am

  13. Economic Source: armstat.am

  14. Economic In the first half of 2012, the education sector’s share in Armenia’s GDP was AMD 32.657bn against AMD 30.289bn in the same period of last year. Source: http://tert.am/en/news/2012/11/01/ashotyan/

  15. Economic The competitiveness performance of Armenia steadily decreased since 2005, but reversedto the positive in 2011. Armenia recorded remarkable improvement in its competitiveness ranking in 2011 compared to the previous study of the Global Competitiveness Report (2010). In 2011, the competitiveness performance of Armenia was ranked 92nd among 142 countries due to a 6-point improvement in the rank and a 4% increase in the score compared to 2010 results. Source: http://www.ev.am/media/documents/ACR/2011-2012/ACR%202011-2012_eng.pdf

  16. Economic The dominance of sectors with lowest productivity in the GDP structure is contributing to the economic lag in Armenia. The top three most productive sectors in Armenia (financial intermediation, mining, and construction) account for just 9% of the total employment in the country. Whereas, exactly half of the labor force is concentrated in the three sectors with lower productivity levels (food and accommodation services, agriculture, and education). Source: http://www.ev.am/media/documents/ACR/2011-2012/ACR%202011-2012_eng.pdf

  17. Economic During 2010 Armenia attracted about 40%more Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) compared to the previous year, while in 2011 the growth was only 15%. The communications sector had a consistently high share in FDI, however, its contribution decreased significantly in 2011. In addition, the new influx of FDI into non-traditional investment sectors, such as energy supply and land transport infrastructure, triggered the rapid growth of foreign investments in the whole economy. Source: http://www.ev.am/media/documents/ACR/2011-2012/ACR%202011-2012_eng.pdf

  18. Economic • Since 2005 Armenia’s rank in GCR by macroeconomic performance deteriorated significantly. • Unfavorable developments in public finance and comparably high levels of inflation were the main contributorsto this downgrade. Some other structural factors include: • Still a large (however, improving) current account deficit maintained a key imbalance in the economy. • The dependence on private transfers from abroad is persistent. • The inequality in incomes and consumption levels is acute.

  19. Social – Cultural Demographics Population:3041.0 thousand (as of January 1, 2013) Ethnic Breakdown:Armenians - 96%Minorities: Russians, Yezidis, Kurds, Assyrians, Greeks, Ukrainians, Jews and others Official Language:Armenian Religion:Christian Church:Armenian Apostolic Religious Center:St. Etchmiadzin, the Cathedral of the Armenian Apostolic Church and the Residence of the Catholicos (Patriarch) of all Armenians

  20. Social – Cultural Religious beliefs Armenia is practically the only mono-ethnic country in the region. Ethnic Armenians make up 97.9% of the population. Yezidis make up 1.3%, Russians 0.5%. Other minorities include Assyrians, Ukrainians, Greeks, Kurds, Georgians, and Belarusians. Over 90 % of the population of Armenia belongs to the Armenian Apostolic Church. In spite of the fact that Armenians make up 98% of the population of the Republic, the Armenian government does not allow the oppression of ethnic minorities and officially recognizes minority communities.

  21. Social – Cultural The Russian community of Armenia numbers approximately 15 thousand people. The Russian population of the Republic of Armenia has been historically concentrated in a few cities of the Republic though there are also two Russian villages in the northeast of the country (Lermontovo and Fioletovo).

  22. Social – Cultural There are several sects in Armenia , which have thir own behavour,manner,and they do not allow their children or relatives with special needs to connect with doctors or to ask them for help and treatment.

  23. Social – Cultural Income distribution Prevailing sociopolitical and economic obstacles have been implicated in the inadequate utilization and delivery of the Armenian health care system. Sometimes in the families, where lives a person with special needs, one of the parents should stay at home and take care of their child. As the disability pension in Armenia is lower,so the income of that family isn,t sufficient for them to live. They don’t have any assistance or help from our government.

  24. Social – Cultural Lifestyle God, you and I know I am lost. I have turned away from You, and lost my way. I humbly ask You to save me from this permanent situation. Thank You for creating me, valuing me and loving me. Thank You for sending the Lord Jesus to cover me by His death from what I eternally deserve and by His resurrection inviting me to eternal rescue. I trust You, Lord Jesus, as my only Savior.”

  25. Technological Technological analysis for facilitating awareness raising campaign

  26. Technological What is technology? Technology • Is often described as the most important influence upon society • It identifies social interests and causes social change “Autonomous Technology” by Langdon Winner, MIT Press (1977)

  27. Technological Technology includes the use of • materials • tools • techniques • sources of power to make life easier or more pleasant and work more productive. Whereas science is concerned with how and why things happen, technology focuses on making things happen. http://www.cantechletter.com/2013/01/what-is-technology0103/

  28. Technological Awareness raising can cover a huge range of activities for: • Making people notice things and thus making them commit to something • Planting an idea in people's heads and leading them to an "awakening“ • Helping people understand that they need to stand up for something • Sharing passion, common interest • Learning or doing something new mar.zavala http://tinyurl.com/ykcput8

  29. Technological Innovative developments in Armenia • Mobile operators • Mass media • Internet providers • Social networks

  30. Technological Mobile operators ___________________________________ http://www.akep.al/images/stories/AKEP/statistika/Treguesit-Statistikore-6_Mujori-I-re-2011.pdf http://www.vodafone.com/etc/medialib/attachments/q3_2010.Par.56671.File.dat/vodafone_q3_results_2010.xls "Eagle Mobile". Eaglemobile.al. 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2011-12-28.

  31. Technological Mass media Radio • Armenia has 9 AM stations, 17 FM stations, and one shortwave station. Television • Armenia has 48 private television stations alongside 2 public networks with major Russian channels widely available throughout the country

  32. Technological Internet providers in Armenia There are approximately 1,400,000 Internet users and approximately 65,279 Internet hosts in Armenia (CIA World Factbook, 2009: Armenia)

  33. Technological Internet usage in Armenia World Bank and Public Services Regulatory Commission of the Republic of Armenia, 2009-2011

  34. Technological Social networks Main online mediums for sharing news, opinion and information

  35. Technological users in Armenia http://www.socialbakers.com/facebook-statistics/armenia

  36. Technological The growth of the number of the visitors of Facebook from Armenia in June-December 2012 according to Socialbakers.comhttp://www.noravank.am/eng/articles/detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=6820

  37. Technological Twitter has about 500 million users The social media research group estimates that Twitter account holders now make up around one-third of the global internet population. • Active users of Twitter is about 288 million, marking a 40% of internet users • Facebook has 693 million active users http://www.armtown.com/news/en/pan/20130131/143803/

  38. Legal Financial regulation 2013 state budget is 1.15 trillion drams (some $2.84 billion) for spending, with a deficit projected at around 120 billion drams.  The 2013 budget envisages AMD 1,031bn – a 13% increase as compared with 2012.

  39. Legal Social expenditures will have a major share in the total expenditures (41.7%), but social expenditures will slip by 4.1 billion drams from 2012. The deputies claimed it is inappropriate to say the 2013 budget is socially oriented when it has social cuts.

  40. Legal Employment for people with disabilities One of the criteria for ensuring equal opportunities for people with disabilities is the employment rate, which is rather low in our country irrespective of the fact that RA legislation includes principles that guarantee the realization of the right of people with disabilities for employment. Source: Strategy of Social Protection of People with Disabilities for 2006-2015

  41. Legal Employment for people with disabilities An employer cannot fire a person with disabilities who is going through a medical, professional or social rehabilitation process. The involvement of a person with disability in extra work, work during non-working days or nights is allowed only given his/her consent. For people with disabilities of the 1stand 2ndgroups, a shorter working period is defined, not more than 36 hours per week. No trail period can be applied for people with disabilities when admitted to work.

  42. Legal Issues • Low rate of employment for people with disabilities of working age. • Unsatisfactory awareness of employers on guarantees provided to people with disabilities by legislation, their rights and guarantees provided to employers in case of hiring a person with disability. • Working places are not suited to the needs of people with disabilities. • The process of professional education and subsequent securing of employment for people with disabilities is not satisfactory.

  43. Legal “The Law Looks Good, but it is Not Applicable” • "Newly built buildings must be convenient for disabled people. However, constructors still put into operation and the state structures accept buildings where nothing is made for these people or whatever is made is in the wrong way and not applicable.”

  44. Environmental In the past decade, Armenian forests have been aggressively allocated for various economic activities. Today, mining is declared a priority sector by the Armenian government and is being developed intensively. Health problems are particularly acute around big mining areas in the northern and southern parts of the country.

  45. Environmental One of the most controversial of the government-sanctioned mining initiatives has been the licensing of the copper-molybdenum deposit in Teghut. This initiative has faced widespread opposition from the environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs), experts and local communities. But the prevention of an environmental disaster will additionally depend on the mobilized support of international organizations.

  46. Environmental Country background Armenia is a landlocked country with a territory of 29,000 sq. kilometers. Armenia has serious environmental problems. It has joined the majority of international environmental conventions. It has continuously received technical and financial support for environmental protection from international organizations. Despite these, the country’s natural environment continues to deteriorate. The country lacks adequate environmental policies and enforcement of environmental laws. In the early 1980s, 11% of the country’s territory was covered by forests. Today this coverage has decreased to 7%. According to experts, at the current rate of deforestation the country will become a desert within 50 years.

  47. Environmental Legal infringements In the opinion of experts, operation of the Teghut mine is in breach of the principles of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, UN Convention on Biodiversity, UN Convention on Combating Desertification, UNESCO World Heritage Convention, European Landscape Convention, UNECE Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo Convention) and UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention) – all signed and ratified by the RA.

  48. For fundraising "GRAND TOBACCO" Armenian-Canadian Joint Venture, Co.Ltd Acba-Credit Agrecole BankAmeriabank AnelikbankAni Plaza Hotel Ashtarak Kat Avshar WineArarat Bank Artfood Bacon ProductGarant Insurance Eurostan Yerevan Cognac FactoryArmenian Champagne and Wine Factory Cascade Insurance Cardinal International ArmrosgazpromHovnanyan International Viva Cell MTS Mentor Graphics Inetrnational Nairi Insurance Jermuk groupRusal Armenal For additional information please see the list of Large Taxpayers in 2013

  49. References • Autonomous Technology” by Langdon Winner, MIT Press (1977) • CIA World Factbook,(2009) Armenia • "Eagle Mobile". Eaglemobile.al. 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2011-12-28. • mar.zavala • http://www.cantechletter.com/2013/01/what-is-technology0103/ • http://tinyurl.com/ykcput8 • http://www.akep.al/images/stories/AKEP/statistika/Treguesit-Statistikore-6_Mujori-I-re-2011.pdf • http://www.vodafone.com/etc/medialib/attachments/q3_2010.Par.56671.File.dat/vodafone_q3_results_2010.xls • http://www.armtown.com/news/en/pan/20130131/143803/

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