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An impression of EPR at Olkiluoto …. Generation IV Systems. Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor (SCWR) Very-High-Temperature Reactor (VHTR).
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Generation IV Systems • Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) • Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) • Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) • Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) • Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor (SCWR) • Very-High-Temperature Reactor (VHTR)
UK Selected Generation IV Design Concepts GEN IV Reactor SystemAcronymSpectrum Fuel cycle Very High Temp. ReactorVHTR Thermal Once-Through Gas-Cooled Fast ReactorGFR Fast Closed Sodium Cooled Fast ReactorSFR Fast Closed Lead Alloy-Cooled ReactorLSF Fast Closed Supercritical Water ReactorSCWR Thermal & Fast Once/Closed Molten Salt ReactorMSR Thermal Closed Note that 5 out of the 6 systems are either FRs or closed-cycle breeders = UK priority systems
Gas-cooled reactors Sodium-cooled fast reactors Water-cooled reactors 1950 Magnox DFR 1960 HTR SGHWR 1970 AGR PFR 1980 Sizewell B PWR 1990 Present Wide UK experience with different systems
UK Priorities • Very High Temp gas-cooled Reactor - Logical progression from BNFL’s interest in PBMR and gas-cooled technology for thermal reactors • Gas-cooled Fast Reactor - Logical progression for gas cooled reactor technology for fast reactors • Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor - Maintain capability to understand & evaluate liquid-metal cooled fast reactor systems as well as utilise historic UK knowledge
Thermo-chemical process - Hydrogen generation without CO2 production • Best option for H2 production via nuclear is thermo-chemical process. • Process consumes water,& high temperature heat. • Releases only H2, O2& low temperature heat. • All reagents are recycled
The hydrogen economy brings opportunities for all energy sources Nuclear reactor Fuel cell Fuel cell energy Hydrogen Production (eg electrolysis or thermo-chemical splitting of water)