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Southwest Asia

Southwest Asia. The Arabian Peninsula. Bedouins – desert nomads Herded camels, goats Lived in mobile tent encampments Clans fought each other over water, pasture, and honor Warrior people. The Arabian Peninsula. Around 600 CE, Muhammad founded Islam

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Southwest Asia

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  1. Southwest Asia

  2. The Arabian Peninsula • Bedouins – desert nomads • Herded camels, goats • Lived in mobile tent encampments • Clans fought each other over water, pasture, and honor • Warrior people

  3. The Arabian Peninsula • Around 600 CE, Muhammad founded Islam • Religion spread throughout Arabian Peninsula and then into Middle East and North Africa

  4. The Arabian Peninsula • Islam has five basic duties • Submission • Prayer 5x a Day facing Mecca • Charity (Zakat) • Fasting (Ramadan) sun-up to sundown • Pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca

  5. The Middle East • Customs • Relationships between men and women • Marriage • Washing • The Left Hand • Eating

  6. The Middle East

  7. The Middle East • Muslim governments were theocratic – ruled by religious leaders • Caliph - religious and political successor to Muhammad • Laws were based on Islamic teachings (Sharia)

  8. The Middle East • The Schism • Sunni • Wahabism • Salafism • Shi’ite • Sufism

  9. The Middle East • There were two great Arab empires – the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates • The Abbasids were destroyed by the Mongols • The third great Islamic empire was the Ottoman Empire (Turk) which lasted from 1453 until 1922

  10. The Middle East • After WWI and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, much of the Middle East came under the control of Britain and France as “Mandates”

  11. The Middle East • The Middle East became important due to its oil • OPEC – Organization of Oil Exporting Countries • Modernizing • Much of its work force consists of foreign workers

  12. The Middle East • Judaism, Christianity, and Islam • Patriarch – Abraham • Jerusalem • Judaism • The Kingdom • The Temple • Israel and Judah • The Second Temple • Diaspora ~70 CE • Western Wall (aka Wailing Wall)

  13. The Middle East • Christianity • Church of the Holy Sepulchre • Mount of Olives • Christianity - state religion of Rome in 300’s CE under Constantine • Crusades – series of European invasions to reestablish Christianity in Holy Land

  14. The Middle East • Islam • Mecca (Ka’aba), Medina, Jerusalem • Dome of the Rock and Al Aqsa Mosque • Temple Mount

  15. The Middle East • Zionism • Belief Jews should have their own homeland • Jews began migrating to Palestine in 1800’s • Holocaust prompted demands for Jewish homeland • UN divided Palestine in 1947

  16. The Middle East • Israel established 1948 • 1948 War with Arab states • 1967 Six-Day War • 1973 Yom Kippur War • PLO – Palestine Liberation Organization • Refugee problems

  17. The Middle East • Lebanon • Religious diversity • Muslims (Shia and Sunni) • Christians (Maronite and Eastern Orthodox) • Druze • Civil War • Hezbollah

  18. The Middle East • Kurdistan • Kurds have occupied territory for thousands of years • Divided by borders of Turkey, Iraq, and Iran • Kurds persecuted by governments • Kurds want their own country

  19. The Middle East • Iran • Iranian Revolution 1979 • American Embassy Hostage Crisis • Iran-Iraq War over oil fields

  20. The Middle East • Iraq • Iraq invasion of Kuwait • First Persian Gulf War • Weapons of mass destruction? • Gassing of Kurds – No Fly Zone • Second Persian Gulf War • Return of Al Queda

  21. The Middle East • Syria • Bashar al-Assad • Civil War • Killing of civilians • Iranian support • Al-Quada

  22. The Middle East • Afghanistan • History of invasions • Russian occupation 1979-1988 • 9-11 • Taliban • US invasion of Afghanistan

  23. The Middle East • Turkey • Mustafa Kamal Attaturk • Secular Western state • Member of NATO • Conflicts with Kurds, Greeks over Cyprus • Increasing Islamism

  24. The Middle East • Cyprus • Part of the Ottoman Empire • Came under British control after WWI • Won independence • Greek population voted to join Cyprus with Greece • Turks invaded island • Cyprus divided between Greece and Turkey

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