z Fixed and variable costs are adapted from Pitts et al. 2002.

Table 3. Estimated irrigation and fertilizer costs ($) for 100-acres drip irrigated tomato using a constant irrigation operatingpressure (OP), and reduced OP using an adjustable pressure regulator or two preset pressure regulators. z Fixed and variable costs are adapted from Pitts et al. 2002. y Depreciation for the pressure regulators are assumed to be 5 years and not 10 years. x With the use of reduced OP in first 4 weeks of crop season, pumping costs is estimated to be reduced by 7%. w Fertilizer costs is based on 50 lbs pre-plant N of 13-1.7-10.7 (N-P-K) $350 per 2000 lbs in 2006 and 150 lbs injected N of 8-0-6.6 (N-P-K) at $190 per 2000 lbs in 2006, with 15% reduction in fertilizer usage when reduced OP is used

z Fixed and variable costs are adapted from Pitts et al. 2002.

z Fixed and variable costs are adapted from Pitts et al. 2002.

Presentation Transcript

Fourier Series Summary (From Salivahanan et al, 2002)

Fixed & Variable Costs

Adapted from Deborah C. Simmons (2002)

Cochran, A. et al. 2002

To Know from Dancey et al. (2002)

Yergey et al.(2002)

(Source: Western et al. (2002))

( From Dixon et al., 2002, Nature )

Kaspi et al 2002

Adapted from American Cancer Society (2006) and Hulka et al. (2001).

Objectives Classify costs by their behavior as variable costs, fixed costs, or mixed costs.

Step-Variable Costs

UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING START-UP, FIXED, AND VARIABLE COSTS

Costs Fixed, Variable and Total Costs

Monatomic Ions Variable and Fixed

Fixed costs are really variable. The more you produce the less they become.â€

Understanding Depreciation, Fixed, and Variable Costs

Hulot et al., 2002

Fixed and Variable factors

CAT (Critically Appraised Topic) (adapted from Sackett, et al. 2000)

Fixed costs (overhead) plus variable costs equals _______ costs. semi-variable equilibrium total

2-4 FIXED AND VARIABLE EXPENSES

z Fixed and variable costs are adapted from Pitts et al. 2002.