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FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION CHANGE

FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION CHANGE. There are four factors that affect population change in a country:. BIRTH RATE (people who are born) DEATH RATE (people who die) IMMIGRATION (people that move into the country) EMIGRATION (people who move out of the country)

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FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION CHANGE

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  1. FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION CHANGE

  2. There are four factors that affect population change in a country: • BIRTH RATE (people who are born) • DEATH RATE(people who die) • IMMIGRATION(people that move into the country) • EMIGRATION(people who move out of the country) These factors are known as ‘vital statistics’ for demographers.

  3. Birth Rate • The number of live births per 1000 in a year. Source: http://esa.un.org/wpp/index.htm

  4. Birth Rates - 2008 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2054rank.html

  5. Factors influencing birth rates • The number of women in the total population, • Range of ages of female population (15-49), • Education levels • Societies where women are not treated equally – receive less education = less influence • More education = more time in school, job outside of home = fewer children • government policies, • Population control programs • the availability of contraception, • Economic status • Low income families – have more children to bring more income into the family • No money for birth control • Medical conditions and general level of health care in country • More infant and early childhood deaths • Have many children in hopes that some will survive to reach maturity • culture & religion • Promotion of larger or smaller families

  6. British Birth Rates on the rise • http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/british-birth-rate-leaps-by-18-in-a-decade-9107483.html

  7. New baby boom? • http://www.foxnews.com/health/2014/01/29/new-baby-boom-how-global-birthrates-could-bounce-back/

  8. DEATH RATE • The number of deaths per 1000 in a year. Source: http://esa.un.org/wpp/index.htm

  9. Death Rates - 2009 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Death_rate_world_map_CIA_2009.PNG

  10. Factors influencing death rates • Availability of medical services • Cost of services • Improved sanitation or vaccination programs • Education • Help maintain their children’s health as well as their own • Women in particular (usually the principal caregivers) • Availability of food and clean water • Level of Economic development • War and environmental disasters • The country’s fertility rate • Large population may increase the general death rates. • Child bearing in less developed countries can be dangerous • More children a woman has, the greater chance she has of dying

  11. Case Studies (Groups of 3-4) • 1. A Woman’s Life in Mali (Page 170) • What conditions affect the number of children Sow has? • 2. Russia’s increasing death rate (Page 172) • What changes within Russian society caused the dramatic changes in life expectancy in that country?

  12. IMMIGRATION •     The number of people moving into a country. • Pull factors-characteristics of a place that attracts people to it.

  13. EMIGRATION • The number of people leaving a country • Push Factors-characteristics of a place that causes people to leave. • Refugees- people who are forced to leave their country due to war, life-threatening discrimination, famine, or natural disasters.

  14. Replacement Level • Replacement Level – The number of children required to keep the population of a country constant, not taking migration into consideration.  This is about 2.1 children per female in MDCs and 2.5 children per female in LDCs.

  15. Total Fertility Rate • Total Fertility Rate – The average number of children a woman has in her lifetime in a country. • Factors: • Religion • Culture • Social values and economic status …Tends to be higher in less developed countries. 

  16. Rate of Natural Increase • Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) – birth rate minus death rate, calculated as a percentage; this does not take migration into consideration • RNI (%) =    BR  -  DR •                            10 • (in order to get a % you must divide by 10 because BR and DR are measured per 1000)

  17. Doubling Population Rule • Doubling Time – The time in years needed for a population to double its size assuming the growth rate remains the same. • DT (years) =    70__ •                         RNI

  18. Infant Mortality Rate (<1year) • based upon the number of live births that do not reach their first birthday (per 1000 births) • Underlying cause of about half of infant deaths • Malnutrition

  19. Child Mortality Rate (1-5 years) • based upon the number of children that die between their 1st and 5th birthdays (per 1000 births)

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