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Factors Affecting Climate Change

Factors Affecting Climate Change. By: Aiman and Vaishnavi. What Is Climate Change?. Change in average ‘weather’ Everything associated to weather Temperature Precipitation Referred to on a global scale. Natural Causes . Solar output Ocean variability Continental drift Earth’s tilt

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Factors Affecting Climate Change

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  1. Factors Affecting Climate Change By: Aiman and Vaishnavi

  2. What Is Climate Change? • Change in average ‘weather’ • Everything associated to weather • Temperature • Precipitation • Referred to on a global scale

  3. Natural Causes • Solar output • Ocean variability • Continental drift • Earth’s tilt • Comets, meteorites • Orbital modifications • Volcano (dust and gas) • Less snow and ice cover on Earth

  4. Volcanoes • Large volumes of sulphur dioxide, water vapour, dust, ash in the atmosphere • Over the years: sulphur dioxide can reach higher levels of atmosphere • Block sun rays  leads to cooling • Sulphur dioxide combines with water • Forms droplets of sulphuric acid • Small droplets can stay in air for several years

  5. Earth’s Tilt • Causes seasons • Controls severity of the seasons • More tilt = warmer summers and cooler winters • Less tilt = cooler summers and milder winters • Earth’s axis not fixed • Changes approx. half a degree a century • Causes changes in climate

  6. Ocean Currents • Oceans cover approx. 71% of the Earth • Absorb twice as much of sun’s radiation than land • Move a lot of heat across the planet • Can change direction and slow down • Escaped heat  usually in the form of water vapour (most abundant greenhouse gas) • Forms on clouds shading the Earth’s surface • Has a cooling effect

  7. New ice sheets • New volcanoes • New oceans Continental Drift

  8. Anthropic Causes • Increase in fossil fuel use (Industrial Revolution) • Natural resources overused (construction, industries, transport, consumption) • Clearing of land for houses • Increases in dust and smog • Changes in land use • Increase in C02 emissions and other green house gases • Changes since industrial era • 30% increase in C02 • 145% increase in CH4 • 15% increase in N20

  9. Greenhouse Effect • Natural system  regulates Earth’s temperature • When sun rays hit Earth’s atmosphere, some reflected, others absorbed and later radiated into atmosphere • Some heat radiated to atmosphere does not escape to space • Absorbed and trapped by atmospheric gases (GHG’s) • Certain human activities disrupt balance of the system • More heat trapped in the atmosphere increase in Earth’s temperature

  10. Greenhouse Gases • Produced by combustion of fossil fuels • Energy-production • Transportation • Industry • Study of carbon flow through carbon cycle • ½ of human-produced C02  in atmosphere

  11. Anthropogenic Sources of Greenhouse Gases • CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) • Methane (CH4) • Nitrous Oxide (N2O) • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

  12. Carbon Dioxide • Most important • Burning of fossil fuels • Uses of fossil fuels • Energy in transportation & manufacturing • Heating • Electricity generation • Industry • Rising emissions of C02 due to • Land use • Deforestation • Land clearing • agriculture

  13. Methane • Sources • Rice farming • Cattle ranching • Decaying organic materials • Sewage treatment plants • Coal mining • Natural gas extraction • Deforestation • Slow smouldering of trees  combustion reaction • Released from landfills, waste dumps, oil drilling, coal mining

  14. Nitrous Oxide • 2/3 comes from management of livestock feed and waste • Nitrogen fertilizer usage • Certain industrial processes • Fossil fuel use • Emission partly from fertilizers , leguminous plants • such as beans and pulses  nitrogen to the soil.

  15. Chlorofluorocarbons • Refrigerator agents • Atmospheric levels now decreasing due to international treaties • Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

  16. Sources of Greenhouse Gases in Canada

  17. Sources of Greenhouse Gases in Agriculture

  18. Bibliography • http://www.ccse-swcc.nb.ca/climat/CCAF/PEISCIA.pdf • http://www.tutorvista.com/ks/factors-affecting-climate-change • http://web.viu.ca/sc403/Global_Warming/page3.htm

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