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Reducing Heart Disease Risk in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome

Reducing Heart Disease Risk in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome. Risk Factors for Heart Disease. Physical inactivity Stress Obesity Smoking Diabetes High Cholesterol, high triglycerides, low HDL High blood pressure High fat diet. Age Family History Gender.

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Reducing Heart Disease Risk in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome

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  1. Reducing Heart Disease Riskin Patients with theMetabolic Syndrome

  2. Risk Factors for Heart Disease • Physical inactivity • Stress • Obesity • Smoking • Diabetes • High Cholesterol, high triglycerides, low HDL • High blood pressure • High fat diet • Age • Family History • Gender

  3. These factors we cannot change • Age: Heart disease risk increases as we get older • Family history: This is especially powerful if your mother, father, sister, or brother experienced heart disease in their 50’s or 60’s or younger • Gender: Men have a higher risk of heart disease earlier in life. After menopause, women catch up.

  4. In partnership with a healthcare provider, these factors are the onesthat we can change... • Physical inactivity • Stress • Obesity • Smoking • Diabetes • High Cholesterol, • High triglycerides,low HDL • High blood pressure • High fat diet

  5. Metabolic Syndrome:What is it? • Any 3 out of these 5 features=metabolic syndrome • High Triglycerides >150 mg./dL • Low HDL (“good cholesterol”) • <40 mg./dL for men • <50 mg./dL for women • waist circumference • >40” men • >35” women • Fasting blood sugar>100 • BP >130/85 Grundy SM et al. Circulation. 2005 Sep 12

  6. Metabolic Syndrome:What is it? • Has been known in the past as • “Syndrome X” • A more descriptive medical term is • insulin resistance

  7. Metabolic Syndrome:What is it? • Having metabolic syndrome at least doubles the risk of heart disease • Many people with metabolic syndromego on to develop type 2 diabetes • That’s the bad news…

  8. Metabolic Syndrome:What is it? • The good news... is that evensmall changes in eatinghabits and activity patternscan help improve thefactors associated withthe metabolic syndrome

  9. Elevated Triglyceride Level • Triglyceride is a blood fat related to cholesterol • Requires a fasting blood test (12 hours) for accuracy • Triglyceride level >150 mg./dL is one feature of the metabolic syndrome* (*Guidelines recently updated to include those with normal triglyceride levels but who are on treatment for same)

  10. Advice for Patients with high triglycerides • Reduce weight • Increase physical activity • Increase low glycemic-index foods • reduce carbohydrate intake • increase omega-3 fatty acids

  11. High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) • Known as the good cholesterol • Has a protective effect- removes cholesterol from the blood • Metabolic syndrome feature if • <40 mg./dL in men* • <50 mg./dL in women* (*Guidelines recently updated to include those with normal HDL levels but who are on treatment for same)

  12. Advice for patients withlow HDL • Reduce weight • Increase physical activity • Increase monounsaturated fats • Stop smoking

  13. Abdominal Obesity • Tendency to carry one’s weight around the waist area • “apple shape” rather than “pear-shape” • Increased waist circumference (these cutpoints may vary in different ethnic groups) • >40 inches for men • >35 inches for women

  14. Advice for patients with abdominal obesity • Reduce weight • Increase physical activity

  15. Elevated fasting blood sugar • Diabetes diagnosed when fasting blood sugar > 126 mg./dL (confirmed on second reading) • Fasting blood sugar < 100 mg./dL is normal • Fasting blood sugar > 100 mg./dL is a feature of the metabolic syndrome (*Guidelines recently updated to include those with normal glucose levels but who are on treatment for same)

  16. Advice for patients withhigh fasting blood sugar • Reduce weight • Increase physical activity • Reduce carbs • Replace with monounsaturated fat • Increase fiber

  17. Blood Pressure • Optimal blood pressure is considered <120/<80 mmHg. • BP >140/90 = hypertension • Prehypertension 120-139/80-89 • BP >130/>85 is a featureof the metabolic syndrome* (*Those who are on treatment for a history of high blood pressure also meet this criteria)

  18. Advice for Patients with high blood pressure • Reduce weight • Increase physical activity • Avoid tobacco • Reduce saturated fat intake • Reduce sodium intake • Increase fruits and vegetables • 2-3 servings of low-fat dairy products daily • Limit alcohol

  19. How to treat metabolic syndrome • Effective medicines are available to lower triglycerides • Effective medicines to raise HDL • Effective medicines to lower blood pressure • If you have diabetes, there are effective medicines to treat

  20. Is there a treatment that can improve all 5 features of the metabolic syndrome at once? • TLC! • Therapeutic Lifestyle Change

  21. What is Therapeutic Lifestyle Change? • Diet changes to improvecholesterol profile • Daily physical activity • Weight Control • Small changes=BIG REWARDS

  22. Does Treating the Metabolic Syndrome Make a Difference? Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study • 522 middle-aged overweight (BMI 31) • 172 men and 350 women • Duration 3.2 years • Intervention Group: Individualized counseling • Reducing weight, total intake of fat and saturated fat • Increasing uptake of fiber, physical activity Tuomilehto J et al. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1343-1350.

  23. Benefit of Treating the Metabolic Syndrome 23% After 4 years — risk of diabetes reduced by 58% (17–29 CI) 11% (6–15 CI) Intervention Control % with Diabetes Tuomilehto J et al. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1343-1350.

  24. Average weight loss(at the end of one year) inFinnish Diabetes Prevention Project • 4.2 kg. (about 9 pounds) in the diet and exercise group compared to 0.8 kg. (about 1 3/4 pounds) in the usual care group • Additional research studies have confirmedthe power of lifestyle changes. • Small changes= BIG REWARDS

  25. In summary... • Many adults develop features of the metabolic syndrome as they reach middle age and beyond • Reducing weight and increasing physical activity are the 2 strategies that can change each of these factors at the same time • Small changes can yield big rewards in terms of preventing diabetes and heart disease

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