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Lecture 23: The Case for HomeOS

Lecture 23: The Case for HomeOS. Xiaowei Yang. Today’s Plan. HomeOS Why & How Final Review We’ve learned a lot! Course Evaluation. S mart homes. Capability to automate and control multiple, disparate systems within the home [ABI Research]

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Lecture 23: The Case for HomeOS

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  1. Lecture 23: The Case for HomeOS Xiaowei Yang

  2. Today’s Plan • HomeOS • Why & How • Final Review • We’ve learned a lot! • Course Evaluation

  3. Smart homes • Capability to automate and control multiple, disparate systems within the home [ABI Research] • Today, only the super rich and super geeks have it

  4. Why don’t you have it? • You have the basic ingredients • But composition is difficult

  5. A quick example Unlock? Yes No

  6. Why is device composition in the home hard? • Users • Developers • Vendors

  7. Home users are not administrators • Management Nightmare

  8. Why developers are not helping: heterogeneity

  9. Vendors prefer vertical integration • Vertically integrate hardware and software • Seldom make use of other vendors’ devices • No single vendor comes close to providing all the devices a home needs

  10. Interoperability is not sufficient • Many standards exist for interoperability • Media: DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance), AirTunes, etc. • Devices: UPnP, SpeakEasy, mDNS, etc. • Home Auto: ZwaveZigBee, X10, etc. • Handles device heterogeneity, not topology, user preferences, and coordination heterogeneity Video Recording Climate Control Camera-Based Entry Remote Lock

  11. Monolithic systems are inextensible • Security: ADT, Brinks, etc. • Academic: EasyLiving, House_n, etc. • Commercial: Control4, Elk M1, Leviton, etc. Home Media Security

  12. An alternative approach: A home-wide operating system HomeStore Video Rec. Remote Unlock Climate Operating System

  13. Goals of HomeOS • Simplify application development • Enable innovation and device differentiation • Simplify user management

  14. Core Features of HomeOS • Driver and application modules • A “port” abstraction for exposing functionality and communication • Access control for users and modules

  15. Simplify development App A App B … …

  16. Simplify development App A App B … Mgmt UI Access Control Port Port Driver Driver … … …

  17. Modules • Driver and application modules are isolated • A poorly written module can’t impact HomeOS or other modules • Application modules belong to application domain • Communication cross domains is through pre-defined entry points

  18. A port example • A port is functionally described in terms of roles and controls • Roles: express a functionality • Controls: typed points of sensing and actuation within a port • < roles=“lightswitch”, “dimmerswitch” > , < controls=(“on-off”, binary, readable, writable), (“intensity”, range:1-100, readable, writable) > .

  19. Roles in HomeOS • Roles are functional descriptions of ports • lightswitch, television, display, speakers, etc. • App developers program against roles • Enable vendors to innovate/differentiate • Anyone can create a new role • e.g., SonyBraviaTV vs. television • Allows new functionality to be rapidly exposed • Commodity vendors can still participate

  20. Simplify user management • Conducted a field study • Modern homes with automation & other tech • 14 homes, 31 people • Users’ needs for access control • Applications as security principals • Time in access control decisions • Confidence in their configuration

  21. Management primitives • Datalog access control rules • (port, group, module, time-start, time-end, day, priority, access-mode) • Reliable reverse perspectives help users confidently configure access control • User accounts • Can be restricted by time (guests) • Application manifests • Specify role requirements for compatibility testing • Simplifies rule setup (only when roles match)

  22. Implementation status • Built on the .NET CLR • ~15,000 lines of C# • ~2,500 kernel • 11 Applications • Average ~300 lines/app • Music Follows the Lights • Play, pause & transfer music where lights are on/off • Two-factor Authentication • Based on spoken password and face recognition

  23. Open questions/Ongoing work • Additional evaluation • Is it easy to write apps and drivers? • Is it easy to manage? • Does it scale to large homes? • Deploy & support application development • Explore business/economic issues

  24. Conclusion • A home-wide OS can make home technology manageable and programmable • HomeOS balances stakeholder desires • Developers: abstracts four sources of heterogeneity • Vendors: enables innovation and differentiation • Users: provides mgmt. primitives match mental models http://research.microsoft.com/homeos

  25. Discussion • Do homes need an OS? • Is HomeOS the right solution? • Why would vendors comply?

  26. Course Summary • A broad range of topics • Cloud computing and its challenges • Cloud inner working • Datacenter networking • Social networks • Privacy • Web, Wireless, Mobile devices • Home Networking

  27. Cloud Computing: Opportunities • Opportunities • Elastic computing: on-demand scaling • Pay-as-you-go • No upfront investment cost • New applications • Mobile & Cloud • Energy saving • Disaster recovery • Group collaboration

  28. Cloud Computing: Challenges • Security • Placement • Co-location • Inference • Performance • Sharing impacts computation, network

  29. Cloud Inner Workings • MapReduce • A powerful framework for parallel computation • Map()‏ • Process a key/value pair to generate intermediate key/value pairs • map (in_key, in_value) -> (out_key, intermediate_value) list • Reduce()‏ • Merge all intermediate values associated with the same key • reduce (out_key, intermediate_value list) -> out_valuelist • MapReduce online for interactive applications • Reining outliers

  30. Example: word counting • Map()‏ • Input <filename, file text> • Parses file and emits <word, count> pairs • eg. <”hello”, 1> • Reduce()‏ • Sums all values for the same key and emits <word, TotalCount> • eg. <”hello”, (1 1 1 1)> => <”hello”, 4>

  31. Datacenter Networking • FatTree • Multi-rooted trees to provide abundant bisection bandwidth • Adaptive routing • Valiant routing: picking a random redirection point works • Datacenter congestion control • InCast: synchronized replies lead to congestion • DCTCP • Reduce cwnd proportionally to congestion • Small queue size in routers

  32. Social network storage • Haystack • Write once • Read many • Using a needle to hold many files • Cache metadata in memory for high access speed

  33. Privacy • Social networks • Personal identifiable information leaks to unauthorized third parties • Cookies, referrer header, Request-URI • User browsing behavior is linkable • Online advertising • Behavior targeting in social networks • Ads exclusively sent to users in certain groups • Not obvious for search and web ads • Mostly keyword based

  34. Wireless • Mobility pattern linkable • Anything over http spoofable • SlyFi • TaintDroid • Private information leaks to unauthorized 3rd party

  35. The End • It’s really the beginning • Take the ideas • Apply the skills • Critical and creative thinking • Turn your course project into a research paper • I hope you enjoyed it as much as I do

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